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ACKR1 and ACKR4 in experimental kidney diseases

ACKR1 and ACKR4 in experimental kidney diseases

Katharina Artinger (ORCID: 0000-0002-5677-3171)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/J4606
  • Funding program Erwin Schrödinger
  • Status ended
  • Start November 1, 2021
  • End April 30, 2023
  • Funding amount € 64,700
  • Project website
  • E-mail

Disciplines

Clinical Medicine (100%)

Keywords

    Nephrotoxic Nephritis, Kidney Disease, Glomerulonephritis, Chemokine

Abstract Final report

This project about atypical chemokine receptors addresses questions in the field of basic research, which are of special interest in autoimmune kidney disease. It aims to elucidate immunologic and pathologic pathways involving two distinct atypical chemokine receptors in kidney disease. Chemokines have the ability to attract cells of the immune systems. Importantly, atypical chemokine receptors do not transmit signals as ligation of chemokines normally would, but create chemokine gradients. These gradients influence the movement of immune cells. Immune cells are potent drivers of autoimmune kidney disease. In this project, we aim to establish the role of two distinct atypical chemokine receptors ACKR1 and ACKR4 in kidney disease. A contribution of both atypical chemokine receptors to the pathogenesis of kidney disease is likely, since on the one hand ACKR4 has recently been found on a special subset of kidney cells. On the other hand, the majority of individuals of West African ancestry carry a variant of ACKR1, which is erythroid silent. These individuals express ACKR1 on endothelial cells but not on red blood cells (erythroid cells). The loss of ACKR1 on erythroid cells is known to change circulating immune cells cells which are important in the pathogenesis of many renal diseases. In order to evaluate the contribution of ACKR1 and ACKR4 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, we use the model of murine experimental glomerulonephritis, a murine model resembling human rapid progressive glomerulonephritis. Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis leads to end stage renal disease if untreated and patients undergoing treatment still face the burden of severe side effects arising from therapy. Genetically modified mice expressing the West African variant will be used in these experiments for the evaluation of ACKR1. In order to evaluate the role of ACKR4 in experimental glomerulonephritis, ACKR4-eGFP mice will be used. The evaluation of phenotypical markers in experimental glomerulonephritis will enable us to evaluate disease phenotype and finally help to understand the role of ACKR1 and ACKR4 in kidney disease. ACKR1 and ACKR4 in experimental kidney disease PR Kurzfassung Deutsch Dr.med. Katharina Artinger, PhD Dieses Projekt zur Erforschung spezieller atypischer Chemokinrezeptoren ist in der Grundlagenwissenschaft angesiedelt. Insbesondere werden spezielle Fragestellungen behandelt, die sich mit immunologischen und pathologischen Vorgängen in Nierenerkrankungen auseinandersetzen. Chemokine wirken auf Immunzellen wie Lockstoffe. Atypische Chemokinrezeptoren nehmen hier eine besondere Stellung ein, denn während die Bindung von Chemokinen normalerweise zur Weiterleitung von Signalen in der Zelle führt, können atypische Chemokinrezeptoren verschiedene Chemokine aus dem Umfeld entfernen, ohne dass es zu einer solchen Weiterleitung von Signalen kommt. Somit wird die Entstehung von Chemokingradienten begünstigt, welche die Wanderung von Immunzellen ganz gezielt beeinflussen können. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wird die Rolle zweier atypischer Chemokinrezeptoren - ACKR1 und ACKR4 - in der Pathogenese von Nierenerkrankungen evaluiert. ACKR1 kann auf Endothelzellen und roten Blutkörperchen, den Erythrozyten gefunden werden. Interessanterweise findet sich ACKR1 bei Menschen mit westafrikanischer Abstammung nur auf Endothelzellen, jedoch nicht auf roten Blutkörperchen. Es ist bereits bekannt, dass diese unterschiedliche Expression von ACKR1 die Eigenschaften von zirkulierenden Immunzellen beeinflusst. Im Rahmen vieler immunologischer Nierenerkrankungen sind Immunzellen wie zum Beispiel neutrophile Granulozyten von großer Bedeutung für die Pathogenese der Erkrankung. Der Einfluss der ACKR1 Expression auf zirkulierende Immunzellen und damit auf die Ausprägung immunologischer Nierenerkrankungen wird daher im Rahmen dieses Projektes evaluiert. Da ACKR4 unter anderem sehr rezent auf speziellen Zellen der Niere gefunden wurde und bisher wenig über die Rolle dieses atypischen Chemokinrezeptors in der Niere bekannt ist, wird auch der Einfluss von ACKR4 auf Nierenerkrankungen untersucht. Methodisch wird hierbei auf das gut etablierte Mausmodell der experimentellen Glomerulonephritis zurückgegriffen. Dieses murine Modell hat Ähnlichkeiten zur rapide verlaufenden Glomerulonephritis im Menschen, welche unbehandelt zumeist zum Verlust der Nierenfunktion und damit zur Dialysepflichtigkeit führt. Die zur Verfügung stehenden Therapien der rapid progressiven Glomerulonephritis stehen auch heute noch mit vielen Nebenwirkungen in Verbindung, weshalb die Erforschung der Pathogenese dieser Erkrankungen für betroffene PatientInnen von großer Bedeutung ist. Um die Rolle von ACKR1 im Modell der experimentellen Glomerulonephritis zu untersuchen, werden genetisch veränderte Mäuse verwendet, die dem westafrikanischen Phänotyp entsprechen. Die Rolle von ACKR4 in der Niere wird unter anderem mit Hilfe von sogenannten Reportermäusen in diesem Modell untersucht.

Two atypical chemokine receptors and their role in the development of kidney disease were addressed within this project. Importantly, atypical chemokine receptors do not transmit signals as ligation of chemokines normally would, but create chemokine gradients. ACKR1 is found on endothelial cells and eythroid cells. The majority of individuals of West African ancestry carry a variant of ACKR1 which is erythroid silent and express ACKR1 on endothelial cells but not on red blood cells. Also, people of West African ancestry suffer from kidney disease more often. Complete loss of ACKR1 and selective loss on erythroid cells only cause a more severe phenotype of experimental glomerulonephritis in mice. Immune cells in the bone marrow and in the kidney showed a change in phenotype which aggravated the experimental glomerulonephritis in erthroid silent mice. In the second part of this project, we show for the first time that ACKR4 is expressed in a small proportion of renal cells. These cells change their shape and expression pattern during development. If glomeruli are severely sclerotic, ACKR4 expression is reduced. We Identified ACKR4+ cells as a subset of parietal epithelial cells. Complete loss of ACKR4 aggravates experimental glomerulonephritis. ACKR4 expression in the kidney, albeit not in secondary lymphoid organs protects mice from severe kidney disease. In summary, this data reveals new insights into the pathomechanisms of kidney disease in patients of West African ancestry and contributes to our understanding of the role of ACKR4 in the development and regulation of experimental kidney disease. The support from the alpha+ Stiftung allowed the fellow to attend the ASN kidney week 2022 in Orlando, FL, USA. The kidney week of the American Society of Nephrology is considered the leading and highest quality meeting in the field of renal research. It provided the opportunity to experience late-breaking clinical trials but also new knowledge in basic research was communicated by world renowned international scientists within the field of nephrology. The fellow was able to present her research at the ASN kidney week which opened interesting questions, conversation and discussion. In summary, the Rückenwind Förderbonus enabled the fellow to participate in constructive meetings, present her own research to specialist highly- qualified scientific audiences and allowed for her exposure to the latest scientific advances in kidney disease research

Research institution(s)
  • Queen Mary University of London - 100%

Research Output

  • 3 Publications
  • 4 Disseminations
Publications
  • 2023
    Title Intracellular and nuclear CXCR4 signaling promotes erythroblast enucleation
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2869635/v1
    Type Preprint
    Author Gutjahr J
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title #4574 ATYPICAL CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 4 IS EXPRESSED IN GLOMERULAR PARIETAL EPITHELIAL CELLS AND MITIGATES THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
    DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfad063c_4574
    Type Journal Article
    Author Artinger K
    Journal Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title MO238: Erythroid ACKR1 Expression has a Protective Effect on the Development of Experimental Glomerulonephritis
    DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfac067.037
    Type Journal Article
    Author Artinger K
    Journal Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Disseminations
  • 0
    Title Conference: ASN Kidney Week
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 0
    Title Conference: ERA Congress
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 0
    Title Conference: Gordon research conference on chemotactic cytokines
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 0
    Title Conference: Gordon Research Seminar on chemotactic cytokines
    Type A talk or presentation

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