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Stable boundary layers over mountainous terrain

Stable boundary layers over mountainous terrain

Ivana Stiperski (ORCID: 0000-0003-2154-6603)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/T781
  • Funding program Hertha Firnberg
  • Status ended
  • Start December 1, 2015
  • End February 28, 2019
  • Funding amount € 226,530

Disciplines

Geosciences (90%); Mathematics (10%)

Keywords

    Complex Mountaionous Terrain, Scale Interactions, Stable Boundary Layer, Submeso Motions, Climatology

Abstract Final report

Stable boundary layers (SBLs) are the least-understood group of boundary layers due to suppressed turbulence and interaction of myriad processes on different spatiotemporal scales that form its structure. In mountainous terrain SBLs are particularly important for pollutant dispersion, minimum temperature forecasting, road icing and fog formation, yet non- stationarity and intermittency, caused by poorly-understood organized non-turbulent motions, and the unknown influence of complex orography prevent the application of similarity theory and other concepts to SBLs in mountainous terrain, and lead to poor forecast skill of numerical models. The interaction of processes on different scales has so far not been systematically studied in mountainous terrain over longer periods of time, nor in the context of orographic influences. Understanding these interactions and identifying the dominant forcings of near-surface submeso and mesoscale motions will help develop better parameterizations and improve forecasts in SBLs in mountainous terrain. The premise of this research is that (i) motions on all scales are present in SBLs in mountainous terrain, (ii) they contribute significantly to the total exchange of momentum, heat and mass and (iii) are to a part related to orographic scales themselves. In order to study interactions between processes on different scales in mountainous SBLs we use a unique multi year dataset from a network of near-surface turbulent measurements in the Inn valley, Austria (valley floor to mountain top). First we will examine the general SBL turbulence structure in the Inn Valley, focusing on identifying areas with non-stationary, intermittent conditions, or with continuous mixing, and locations where submeso motions bridge the spectral gap. Secondly we will focus on identifying non-turbulent motion at different temporal scales, by detecting the signature of these motions in time series with wavelets and a novel method for event detection and classification. Characteristics of these organized motions will then be analyzed so as to determine common types at each scale, and their importance in contributing to the total flux at each station. We will identify how these motions are related to orographic forcing. Physical mechanisms and possible forcings inducing these organized motions will be examined so as to determine if it is possible to parameterize the influence of these non-turbulent organized motions on SBL in mountainous terrain and develop a similarity framework. Finally, two field campaigns will be conducted with additional spatially distributed network of stations and remote sensing instrumentation. We will use this fine-scale dataset to test and challenge the hypotheses obtained from the previous components of the project and study the spatiotemporal characteristics of submeso motions in more detail and identify the physical mechanisms causing them. Particular stress will be placed on the influence of orographic scales (slope angle, scale of local and mesoscale orographic features) on the submeso motions.

Turbulenz ist eine der großen verbleibenden Herausforderungen in der Mathematik und Physik. Sie steuert jedoch, wie Energie, Masse und Impuls zwischen der Erdoberfläche und der Atmosphäre ausgetauscht werden. Turbulenz in der Atmosphäre hat deshalb Auswirkungen auf vielfältige Bereiche, wie zum Beispiel das Klima, die Stärke von Hurricanes, Tornados und Föhn, Luftverschmutzung, Landwirtschaft, Gletscherschmelze und -abfluss und vieles mehr. Stabile Grenzschichten sind die am wenigsten verstandene Gruppe von Grenzschichten. Sie bilden sich während der Nacht oder über kalten Oberflächen, wenn die Strahlungsbilanz negativ ist. Stabile Grenzschichten zeichnen sich durch schwache Turbulenz und signifikante Wechselwirkungen mit Bewegungen auf räumlich-zeitlichen Skalen aus, die größer sind als die von Turbulenz. Über komplexerem Gelände, wie zum Beispiel im Gebirge, ist das Verstehen von Turbulenz aufgrund der horizontalen Heterogenität der Bergoberfläche und des Einflusses geländebedingter Strömungen auf die oberflächennahe Turbulenzstruktur besonders schwierig. Dieses mangelnde Verständnis von Turbulenz in komplexem Gelände und das Fehlen einer angemessenen statistischen Darstellung von Turbulenzeffekten in Gebirgsregionen führt zu einer erheblichen Unsicherheit in numerischen Wettervorhersagemodellen und anderen Anwendungen über komplexen Oberflächen. In dieser Studie wurde die Turbulenzstruktur über Gelände unterschiedlicher Komplexität und mit unterschiedlichen Oberflächeneigenschaften untersucht. Wir haben Daten verwendet von Messstellen in flachen bis zu hoch komplexen Gebirgsgebieten, von Halbwüsten bis zu Gletschern. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Turbulenzcharakteristik von der Gestalt der Turbulenz, der sogenannten Anisotropie, stark beeinflusst wird. Die Turbulenzanisotropie hängt andererseits stark davon ab, wie Turbulenz erzeugt wird: ob die Atmosphäre stabil oder instabil ist und ob eine große Änderung der Windgeschwindigkeit mit der Höhe auftritt. Insbesondere stabil geschichtete Turbulenz wird erheblich deformiert wenn die Windgeschwindigkeit schwach ist. Solche deformierte Turbulenz ist persistent und stimmt nicht mit bekannten statistischen Darstellungen von Turbulenz überein. Bei instabilen Tagesbedingungen wird die Turbulenz hingegen am wenigsten deformiert (isotrop) wenn die Windgeschwindigkeit schwach ist und die Auftriebskraft eine dominierende Turbulenzquelle ist. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Perioden mit der gleichen Art von Anisotropie ein ähnliches Verhalten aufweisen, unabhängig von der Komplexität der Oberflächen (Neigungswinkel, Eisoberfläche vs. Schuttbedeckung). Unter Berücksichtigung der Anisotropie zeigen die statistischen Turbulenzmerkmale aller komplexen Gebirgsgebiete daher die gleichen Beziehungen wie Turbulenz über ebenem Gelände. Dies kann in Zukunft dazu beitragen, eine universelle statistische Darstellung von Turbulenz in numerischen Modellen zu entwickeln, die das Potenzial hat, die Genauigkeit von Wetter- und Klimamodellen signifikant zu verbessern mit weitreichenden Folgen für die Beschreibung von Luftqualität, Landwirtschaft, Hydrologie, Massenbilanzen von Gletschern, Föhnvorhersage und vielem mehr.

Research institution(s)
  • Universität Innsbruck - 100%
International project participants
  • Danijel BeluÅ¡ic, Monash University - Australia
  • Larry Mahrt, NorthWest Research Associates - USA

Research Output

  • 951 Citations
  • 30 Publications
  • 2 Disseminations
  • 8 Scientific Awards
  • 2 Fundings
Publications
  • 2023
    Title Sources of anisotropy in the Reynolds stress tensor in the stable boundary layer
    DOI 10.1002/qj.4407
    Type Journal Article
    Author Gucci F
    Journal Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
    Pages 277-299
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Insights into the effect of spatial and temporal flow variations on turbulent heat exchange at a mountain glacier
    DOI 10.5194/tc-2020-78
    Type Preprint
    Author Mott R
    Pages 1-30
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Scale interactions and anisotropy in stable boundary layers
    DOI 10.1002/qj.3524
    Type Journal Article
    Author Vercauteren N
    Journal Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
    Pages 1799-1813
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title The Impact of Three-Dimensional Effects on the Simulation of Turbulence Kinetic Energy in a Major Alpine Valley
    DOI 10.1007/s10546-018-0341-y
    Type Journal Article
    Author Goger B
    Journal Boundary-Layer Meteorology
    Pages 1-27
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain
    DOI 10.3390/atmos9030102
    Type Journal Article
    Author Serafin S
    Journal Atmosphere
    Pages 102
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Dependence of near-surface similarity scaling on the anisotropy of atmospheric turbulence
    DOI 10.1002/qj.3224
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
    Pages 641-657
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Scale interactions and anisotropy in stable boundary layers
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.1809.07031
    Type Preprint
    Author Vercauteren N
  • 2015
    Title On the Vertical Exchange of Heat, Mass, and Momentum Over Complex, Mountainous Terrain
    DOI 10.3389/feart.2015.00076
    Type Journal Article
    Author Rotach M
    Journal Frontiers in Earth Science
    Pages 76
    Link Publication
  • 2015
    Title Erratum to: On the Measurement of Turbulence Over Complex Mountainous Terrain
    DOI 10.1007/s10546-015-0115-8
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Boundary-Layer Meteorology
    Pages 223-223
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title A New Horizontal Length Scale for a Three-dimensional Turbulence Parameterization in Meso-scale Atmospheric Modeling over Highly Complex Terrain A New Horizontal Length Scale for a Three-dimensional Turbulence Parameterization in Meso-scale Atmospher
    DOI 10.1175/jamc-d-18-0328.1
    Type Journal Article
    Author Goger B
    Journal Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
    Pages 2087-2102
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Spatio-temporal flow variations driving heat exchange processes at a mountain glacier
    DOI 10.5194/tc-14-4699-2020
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mott R
    Journal The Cryosphere
    Pages 4699-4718
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title On the turbulence structure of deep katabatic flows on a gentle mesoscale slope
    DOI 10.1002/qj.3734
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
    Pages 1206-1231
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Scaling, Anisotropy, and Complexity in Near-Surface Atmospheric Turbulence
    DOI 10.1029/2018jd029383
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
    Pages 1428-1448
    Link Publication
  • 2015
    Title On the Measurement of Turbulence Over Complex Mountainous Terrain
    DOI 10.1007/s10546-015-0103-z
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Boundary-Layer Meteorology
    Pages 97-121
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title Editorial: The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions
    DOI 10.3389/feart.2016.00084
    Type Journal Article
    Author Teixeira M
    Journal Frontiers in Earth Science
    Pages 84
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title A scale-dependent model to represent changing aerodynamic roughness of ablating glacier ice based on repeat topographic surveys
    DOI 10.1017/jog.2020.56
    Type Journal Article
    Author Smith T
    Journal Journal of Glaciology
    Pages 950-964
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Large-eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer over an Alpine glacier: Impact of synoptic flow direction and governing processes
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000582543
    Type Other
    Author Goger
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Large-eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer over an Alpine glacier: Impact of synoptic flow direction and governing processes
    DOI 10.1002/qj.4263
    Type Journal Article
    Author Goger B
    Journal Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
    Pages 1319-1343
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Large-eddy Simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over an Alpine Glacier: Impact of Synoptic Flow Direction and Governing Processes
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2108.11230
    Type Preprint
    Author Goger B
  • 2021
    Title Correcting for Systematic Underestimation of Topographic Glacier Aerodynamic Roughness Values From Hintereisferner, Austria
    DOI 10.3389/feart.2021.691195
    Type Journal Article
    Author Chambers J
    Journal Frontiers in Earth Science
    Pages 691195
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Universal Return to Isotropy of Inhomogeneous Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence
    DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.126.194501
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Physical Review Letters
    Pages 194501
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Anisotropy of Unstably Stratified Near-Surface Turbulence
    DOI 10.1007/s10546-021-00634-0
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Boundary-Layer Meteorology
    Pages 363-384
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain
    DOI 10.5445/ir/1000081299
    Type Other
    Author Adler B
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title The Community Foehn Classification Experiment
    DOI 10.1175/bams-d-17-0200.1
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mayr G
    Journal Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages 2229-2235
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Scalar-Flux Similarity in the Layer Near the Surface Over Mountainous Terrain
    DOI 10.1007/s10546-018-0365-3
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sfyri E
    Journal Boundary-Layer Meteorology
    Pages 11-46
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Water tank experiments on stratified flow over double mountain-shaped obstacles at high-reynolds number
    DOI 10.15488/1254
    Type Other
    Author Serafin S
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Investigating Exchange Processes over Complex Topography: the Innsbruck-Box (i-Box)
    DOI 10.1175/bams-d-15-00246.1
    Type Journal Article
    Author Rotach M
    Journal Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
    Pages 787-805
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Water Tank Experiments on Stratified Flow over Double Mountain-Shaped Obstacles at High-Reynolds Number
    DOI 10.3390/atmos8010013
    Type Journal Article
    Author Stiperski I
    Journal Atmosphere
    Pages 13
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title The amplitude of lee waves on the boundary-layer inversion
    DOI 10.1002/qj.2915
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sachsperger J
    Journal Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
    Pages 27-36
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions
    DOI 10.3389/978-2-88945-016-9
    Type Book
    editors Teixeira M, Kirshbaum D, Ólafsson H, Sheridan P, Stiperski I
    Publisher Frontiers
    Link Publication
Disseminations
  • 2017 Link
    Title Sommertechnikum MINT 2017
    Type Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
    Link Link
  • 2016 Link
    Title Uibk.Climate
    Type Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
    Link Link
Scientific Awards
  • 2019
    Title Associate Editor JAMC
    Type Appointed as the editor/advisor to a journal or book series
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2019
    Title Ingeborg Hochmair professorship
    Type Research prize
    Level of Recognition Regional (any country)
  • 2018
    Title Visit of M. Katurji
    Type Attracted visiting staff or user to your research group
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2018
    Title Visit of G. Katul
    Type Attracted visiting staff or user to your research group
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2018
    Title Invited talk at BLT conference
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2017
    Title Visit of C. D. Whiteman
    Type Attracted visiting staff or user to your research group
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2017
    Title Invited talk at AGU conference
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2016
    Title Committee on Mountain Meteorology
    Type Prestigious/honorary/advisory position to an external body
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
Fundings
  • 2019
    Title Ingeborg Hochmair Frauenprofessur
    Type Fellowship
    Start of Funding 2019
    Funder MED-EL
  • 2019
    Title Research Area Mountain Regions Infrastructure Fond
    Type Capital/infrastructure (including equipment)
    Start of Funding 2019
    Funder University of Innsbruck

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