Microbial Endocrinology

The human gut, a hotspot for host-microbe interactions, houses trillions of organisms that significantly influence food metabolism, nutrient acquisition, and immune system stimulation. Emerging research suggests a bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. Notably, our microorganisms impact the gut-brain axis via various interactions with hormones, and the neuroendocrine system, shaping host endocrine function. The revelation that host hormones influence bacteria gene regulation demonstrates an intricate relationship. Commensal bacteria, in turn, produce and secrete hormones adding a surprising dynamic dimension to this interaction. Via their interactions with hormones, the gut microbiome`s impact on the human endocrine system extends from controlling hunger, appetite and food digestion to metabolism and host behaviour. Furthermore, neurohormones and stress hormones influence cognitive abilities, memory, stress reactions, anxiety, and social interactions. These findings show that the human body is a complex ecosystem where gut bacteria and hormones dynamically interact. Investigating these bi-directional interactions allows for a more holistic understanding of health, acknowledging the symbiotic relationship between microbial communities in the gut and the hormonal balance crucial for overall well-being. Despite its relevance for various aspects of our overall physical and mental health, little is known about how individual hormones impact the function of our gut microbiome and how changes in microbial composition affects our hormone levels. By addressing the questions of 1) How do gut microbiota respond to host hormone exposure? 2) What is the role of microbial communities in hormone production and consumption? 3) How do the responses of the microbiome to hormones affect the host organism? This research project aims to identify and characterize gut microorganisms interacting with hormones, unravelling their potential to enhance or mitigate endocrine disruption. Combining microbiology, ecology, and systems biology, the multidisciplinary approach promises to uncover key players in this intricate dance between the gut microbiota and hormones.