Solution Structure of Nanosomes

The main aim of this project is to apply new approaches in Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to solve the solution structure of nanosomes which are model representatives of cellulosomes. Cellulosomes are multienzymatic assemblies synthesized by bacteria and can degrade plant cell-wall polysaccharides, including cellulose, xylan and pectine. They are composed of a protein containing several "receptor" modules on which catalytic domains are anchored. Their modularity, size, heterogeneity and their intrinsic flexibility make analysis of their detailed (high resolution) structure nearly impossible. However, the high resolution structures of a number of isolated domains have been determined by recent studies. The construction of artificial cellulosomes, so called nanosomes, with a restricted number of modules is possible. With help help of Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high resolution structure obtained from the isolated domains information on the structure in solution of such assemblies can be won. The overall dimensions, shapes and spatial organisation of the nanosomes in solution will be destined. Furthermore the classical analysis of SAXS data will be complemented by new computer-simulation methods. The availability of high resolution structure of the isolated domains will be used to reconstruct the detailed structures of the whole nanosomes. New insights on the spatial organisation of these nanosomes could then help us to elucidate how cellulosomes manage to be so efficient compared to isolated catalytic enzymes with the future eventuality to design nanosomes with a programmable specificity. The enhanced catalytic power and programmable specificity should realise the exploitation of cost- sensitive markets, such as biomass-conversion and fibre-modification, which will have enormous environmental and financial rewards.