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Dopamine and NPY signaling in a fear extinction circuit

Dopamine and NPY signaling in a fear extinction circuit

James Wood (ORCID: )
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/M1783
  • Funding program Lise Meitner
  • Status ended
  • Start July 1, 2015
  • End May 31, 2016
  • Funding amount € 157,380

Matching Funds - Tirol

Disciplines

Biology (20%); Medical-Theoretical Sciences, Pharmacy (80%)

Keywords

    Amygdala, Dopamine, Fear extinction, Synaptic plasticity, Slice electrophysiology, Neuropeptide Y

Abstract Final report

The amygdala has a critical role in emotional learning and in regulating physiological responses to fearful situations. Dysfunction of the fear circuitries projecting to- and within the amygdala contributes to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. In particular, a deficit in fear extinction, the process by which an association between a conditioned stimulus and an aversive stimulus is suppressed, is believed to underlie anxiety disorders. Synaptic plasticity within a microcircuit involving the basolateral amygdala (BLA), main intercalated nucleus (Im) and medial subdivision of the central amygdala (CeM) is centrally involved in fear extinction. This circuit, besides utilizing mainly GABA and glutamate, is also a site where the dopamine and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems converge. Both dopamine and NPY exert neuromodulatory control within the amygdaloid nuclei and modify affective behaviours. While dopaminergic input is predominantly provided by projection neurons originating from the ventral tegmental area, NPY is released primarily from local interneurons residing in different nuclei of the amygdala and is particularly expressed in the Im. We have started to investigate the role of the dopamine and NPY systems within the amygdala in relation to fear learning and fear extinction, and have discovered that dopamine suppresses feed-forward inhibition between the BLA and CeM. In the present application, we seek to investigate the mechanisms and receptors by which dopamine modulates feed-forward inhibition between the BLA and CeM. Furthermore, we will investigate how NPY and interactions between the dopamine and NPY systems modify the functional properties of this circuit. By doing so, we will improve the characterization of an amygdala circuit important for fear extinction and determine how dopamine and NPY can modulate its activity. Since dysfunction within the neural circuitry mediating fear extinction is thought to contribute to anxiety disorders, the results of the proposed research project may contribute to the development of new approaches for treating anxiety disorders. Dopaminerge und NPY modulations von furchtextinction James Wood PhD and Ramon Tasan MD PhD Deutsch project summary Emotionale Lernvorgänge werden von limbischen Gehirnarealen gesteuert, wobei hier insbesondere die Mandelkerne (Amygdala) eine herausragende Rolle spielen. Dabei werden emotionale Reize über afferente und efferente Bahnen der Amygdala verarbeitet. Pathophysiologische Veränderungen in diesen Schaltkreisen können ursächlich an der Entstehung von Angststörungen beteiligt sein. Die Auslöschung von Furcht (Extinktion), ein Lernvorgang der vor allem in der Therapie von Angststörungen genutzt wird, ist bei diesen Patienten oft vermindert. Die synaptische Plastizität und die dabei zugrundeliegenden neuronalen Verschaltungen sind jedoch weniger genau erforscht. Kürzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass Verschaltungen zwischen der basolateralen und zentralen Amygdala, welche über den zwischengeschalteten Intercalated Nucleus gesteuert werden maßgeblich an der Extinktion von Furcht beteiligt sind. An diesem Mikrokreislauf sind neben den klassischen Neurotransmittern, GABA und Glutamat, auch Neuropeptid Y und Dopamin, beides Neuromodulatoren die emotionales Verhalten stark beeinflussen, beteiligt. Während Dopamin vor allem von Projektionsneuronen, die ihren Ursprung im ventralen Tegmentum haben ausgeschüttet wird, ist Neuropeptid Y ein Botenstoff der vorwiegend von lokalen Interneuronen produziert wird und wie unsere vorläufigen Untersuchungen zeigten sehr stark im Intercalated Nucleus konzentriert ist. In präliminieren Experimenten konnten wir weiters demonstrieren, dass Dopamin die Feed-Forward Hemmung zwischen der basolateralen Amygdala, dem Intercalated Nucleus und der zentralen Amygdala vermindert. In dem nun vorliegenden Projekt wollen wir die dabei involvierten Dopaminrezeptoren genauer untersuchen. Zusätzlich wollen wir die Rolle von Neuropeptid Y, das in diesen Kernen besonders stark exprimiert wird und vor allem mit Dopamin D1 Rezeptoren co-lokalisiert ist untersuchen. Die dabei gewonnen Erkenntnisse werden helfen die Mikrokreisläufe der Amygdala genauer zu charakterisieren und hier insbesondere die Interaktionen von Neuropeptid Y und Dopamin zu klären. Da diese Feed-Forward Hemmung ein zentraler Mechanismus in der Extinktion von Furcht darstellt, können die Ergebnisse zur Entwicklung neuer Strategien für die Therapie von Angststörungen genutzt werden.

The amygdala has a critical role in emotional learning and in regulating physiological responses to fearful situations. Dysfunction of the fear circuitries projecting to- and within the amygdala contributes to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. In particular, a deficit in fear extinction, the process by which an association between a conditioned stimulus and an aversive stimulus is suppressed, is believed to underlie anxiety disorders. Synaptic plasticity within a microcircuit involving the basolateral amygdala (BLA), main intercalated nucleus (Im) and medial subdivision of the central amygdala (CeM) is centrally involved in fear extinction. This circuit, besides utilizing mainly GABA and glutamate, is also a site where the dopamine and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems converge. Both dopamine and NPY exert neuromodulatory control within the amygdaloid nuclei and modify affective behaviours. While dopaminergic input is predominantly provided by projection neurons originating from the ventral tegmental area, NPY is released primarily from local interneurons residing in different nuclei of the amygdala and is particularly expressed in the Im. We have started to investigate the role of the dopamine and NPY systems within the amygdala in relation to fear learning and fear extinction, and have discovered that dopamine suppresses feed-forward inhibition between the BLA and CeM. In the present application, we seek to investigate the mechanisms and receptors by which dopamine modulates feed-forward inhibition between the BLA and CeM. Furthermore, we will investigate how NPY and interactions between the dopamine and NPY systems modify the functional properties of this circuit. By doing so, we will improve the characterization of an amygdala circuit important for fear extinction and determine how dopamine and NPY can modulate its activity. Since dysfunction within the neural circuitry mediating fear extinction is thought to contribute to anxiety disorders, the results of the proposed research project may contribute to the development of new approaches for treating anxiety disorders.

Research institution(s)
  • Medizinische Universität Innsbruck - 100%

Research Output

  • 49 Citations
  • 1 Publications
Publications
  • 2015
    Title Structure and function of the amygdaloid NPY system: NPY Y2 receptors regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the centromedial amygdala
    DOI 10.1007/s00429-015-1107-7
    Type Journal Article
    Author Wood J
    Journal Brain Structure and Function
    Pages 3373-3391
    Link Publication

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