Habituation to plant compounds in thrips
Habituation to plant compounds in thrips
Disciplines
Biology (70%); Agriculture and Forestry, Fishery (30%)
Keywords
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Secondary Metabolites,
Deterrence,
Bioactivity,
Antifeedants,
Thysanoptera,
Desensitization
Two Thysanopteran species with extraordinary potential for damage are subject of the proposed project: Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, the western flower thrips, is one of the most harmful pests on many horticultural and agricultural crops. Thrips tabaci Lindeman, the onion thrips, is another cosmopolitan species causing severe losses in many protected crops as well as in field crops. The scientific objectives of the proposed study are to research the possible enhancement of the deterrent effectiveness of plant compounds against F. occidentalis and T. tabaci by blending them and the potential for habituation to these blends and their pure constituents compared to selected essential oils containing those compounds in thrips. In part I, the deterrence effectiveness of pure plant compounds and their blends against adult females of either thrips species is compared: selected compounds or 1:1-blends are applied on bean or cucumber at several concentrations and the feeding damage caused by the thrips on the plant material is measured. A deterrence index based on the DC50, i.e. the concentration of each compound and each blend required to produce 50 % feeding deterrence compared to untreated plant material, is determined. For comparison the DC50 of essential oils, which contain the most effective compound(s) is examined in the same way. Additionally, the efficacy of the treatments to deter thrips from oviposition is researched. Based on the results obtained in part I of the proposed project blends of compounds showing additive or synergistic deterrent effects of their pure compounds and the most effective essential oils are selected for testing for habituation in thrips. In part II of the proposed study the capacity for habituation after repeated exposures to pure and blended deterrent compounds and essential oils - all at their DC50 - applied to host plants in females of both thrips species is determined in short-term exposures repeated over a 4-day period. Moreover, the influence of a continuous exposure of thrips during their early adult life to pure compounds, selected blends and oils on their behavioural responses to the same compound, blend or oil they had been exposed to is tested with nave or experienced thrips females in 2 different experiments: Short-term observational bioassays show initial responses of nave and experienced thrips females upon contact with deterrent plant compounds applied on plant material. In choice bioassays the effects of a prolonged exposure of F. occidentalis and T. tabaci to these deterrents on their subsequent choice of settling, feeding and oviposition are examined. This research provides first basic knowledge on habituation to deterrent plant compounds in insect species with a piercing-sucking feeding mode and may contribute to an evaluation of the factual applicability of natural plant compounds in current and future biological or integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
Ein im Zuge des Projektes erstellter Deterrenzindex für Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe dokumentiert für jede untersuchte Substanz und Mischung jene Konzentration, die eine 50 %ige Reduktion des Saugschadens (FDC50) bzw. der Eiablagerate (ODC50) von Thripsweibchen auf behandelten Blättern bewirkt. Dies ermöglicht erstmals exakte Wirkungsvergleiche von Pflanzenstoffen. Auch die Reaktionen erwachsener Thripse einer Art mit denen ihrer Larven und die von Erwachsenen beider Arten auf den gleichen deterrenten Pflanzenstoff konnten so verglichen werden. Fazit: 1:1-Mischungen von Pflanzenstoffen verschiedener chemischer Stoffklassen wirkten besser gegen F. occidentalis als Mischungen von chemisch ähnlichen Stoffen. Manche Reinsubstanzen wirkten additiv in einer Mischung. Der Anteil mancher Reinsubstanzen in einer Mischung konnte reduziert werden, ohne die Wirkung zu beeinträchtigen. Ein Vergleich niedrig und hoch konzentrierter Pflanzenstoffe zeigte konzentrationsabhängige Gewöhnungseffekte bei F. occidentalis und bestätigte so die bestehende Hypothese, dass sich Insekten an schwache, nicht aber an starke Reize gewöhnen können. F. occidentalis-Weibchen, die an 4 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen über einen Zeitraum von 6 Stunden oder kontinuierlich bis zu 96 Stunden auf besprühten Bohnenblättern mit deterrenten Pflanzenstoffen wie z.B. cis-Jasmon, Methyljasmonat oder Allylanisol in deren jeweiliger FDC50 in Kontakt kamen, gewöhnten sich nicht oder nur verzögert an die deterrenten Pflanzenstoffe. Mischungen von Pflanzenstoffen reduzierten weiter das Risiko von Gewöhnungseffekten bei F. occidentalis. T. tabaci-Weibchen tendierten hingegen nach längerem Kontakt dazu, auch auf behandelten Blättern zu saugen und Eier abzulegen. Die gewonnen Erkenntnisse können wesentlich zur Beurteilung der praktischen Eignung von natürlichen Pflanzenstoffen im Rahmen bestehender und zukünftiger biologischer oder integrierter Pflanzenschutzstrategien beitragen.
Research Output
- 45 Citations
- 11 Publications
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2012
Title Effects of jasmonic acids derivatives on 2nd instar larvae of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Egger B Conference Fedor, P., Doricova, M., Masarovic, R., Book of Abstracts of the 3rd Symposium on Palaearctic Thysanoptera, Sept 26-30, 2011 -
2014
Title Habituation potential in Frankliniella occidentalis to feeding deterrents. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Egger B Conference Koschier, EH; Egger, B (eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 4th Symposium on Palaearctic Thysanoptera, Vienna Sept 8-11, 2014 -
2014
Title Habituation in Frankliniella occidentalis to deterrent plant compounds and their blends DOI 10.1111/eea.12187 Type Journal Article Author Egger B Journal Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Pages 231-238 Link Publication -
2014
Title Clove oil is not to Thrips tabacis taste. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Feuerstein E Conference Koschier, EH; Egger, B (eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 4th Symposium on Palaearctic Thysanoptera, Vienna Sept 8-11, 2014. -
2014
Title Responses of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande larvae to methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Egger B Conference Royal Entomological Society (ed.), Book of Abstracts of the Xth European Congress of Entomology, York, Aug 3-8, 2014 -
2011
Title Behavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis adults and larvae to carvacrol. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Egger B Et Al Conference Fedor, P., Doricova, M., Masarovic, R., Book of Abstracts of the 3rd Symposium on Palaearctic Thysanoptera, Sept 26-30, 2011 -
2015
Title Continuous exposure to the deterrents cis-jasmone and methyl jasmonate does not alter the behavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis DOI 10.1111/eea.12381 Type Journal Article Author Egger B Journal Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Pages 78-86 Link Publication -
2013
Title Behavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande larvae to methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone DOI 10.1007/s10340-013-0532-8 Type Journal Article Author Egger B Journal Journal of Pest Science Pages 53-59 Link Publication -
2012
Title Plant compounds modify behaviours of both Frankliniella occidentalis adults and larvae. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Egger B Et Al Conference International Society of Chemical Ecology (ed.), Book of abstracts of the 28th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology, Vilnius, 22.-27.7.2012 -
2015
Title Behavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande to cis-jasmone. Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Egger B Conference International Society of Chemical Ecology (ed.), Book of Abstracts of the 31st Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology, Stockholm, Jun 29 -Jul 3, 2015 -
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Title Book of Abstracts of the 4th Symposium on Palaearctic Thysanoptera, Vienna Sept 8-11, 2014. Type Other Author Egger B