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Physics-based flood risk vulnerability analysis of buildings

Physics-based flood risk vulnerability analysis of buildings

Bernhard Gems (ORCID: 0000-0001-6312-5263)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P27400
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start June 1, 2015
  • End November 30, 2018
  • Funding amount € 345,380

Matching Funds - Tirol

Disciplines

Other Natural Sciences (25%); Construction Engineering (75%)

Keywords

    Flood Risk, Vulnerability, Bed-Load, Debris Flow, Fan Apex, Experimental Modelling

Abstract Final report

This proposal deals with the vulnerability analysis of buildings exposed to torrential hazard processes in the Alpine region. At present, the determination of expected losses at buildings due to torrential hazards and its comparison with reconstruction costs is based on empirical loss functions. Straightforward relations of process intensities and the extent of losses, gathered by the analysis of historic flood events and the information of object-specific restoration values, are used therefore. The ascertainment of loss is commonly accompanied by the modelling of the relevant processes and, there, the definition of specific scenario intensities and occurrence intervals. This approach for the vulnerability analysis of buildings does not represent a purely physics-based and integral concept since relevant and for the extent of damages mostly crucial processes, as the intrusion of the fluid-sediment-mixture into elements at risk, are not explicitly considered. Further, a structural response analysis of the considered building, verifying object stability and usability under the influence of impacting loads from torrential hazards, is not performed. The submitted project will basically extend the findings and models of present risk research in the context of an integral, physics-based vulnerability analysis concept. Therein, all damage-relevant, morphodynamic processes impacting the considered elements at risk are adequately modelled, both experimentally within a physical scale model test and numerically. The dynamic impacts on the building envelopes are gathered quantitatively and spatially distributed by the use of a set of force transducers. A structural response model of the buildings, considering the impacts from the process modelling, is further applied in order to provide a link between the impact scenario simulations and the vulnerability analysis. Within the project, specific focus is put on the analysis of flood discharges with a rather high fraction of sediments. The experimental analysis is firstly done by analysing the impacts on artificial, vertical and skewed plates, including also openings for material intrusion. Further, the impacts on specific buildings within the test site of the project, the fan apex of the Schnannerbach torrent in Tyrol (Austria), are analysed in detail. The buildings are entirely reconstructed within the physical scale model (1:30), including basement and first floor and thereby all relevant openings on the building envelopes. In addition to a general vulnerability analysis, local technical protection measures are tested. Further, the interaction of the buildings in terms of a geo-statistical analysis is analysed. The project results and the applied vulnerability analysis concept mean a significant expansion of the present methods for flood risk assessment. Further, for practical application, they are of basic importance, as they provide extensive information to support during hazard zone mapping and management and as well during the planning phase of local technical protection measures.

Im Alpenraum können fluviale Naturgefahrenprozesse große Schäden an Gebäuden und Infrastruktur anzurichten. Dabei stellen sie auch eine Gefahr für Leib und Leben dar. Das Gefahrenpotential ist insbesondere dann groß, wenn große Mengen an Sedimente mit dem Abfluss transportiert werden. Diese Prozesse können die Gewässersysteme überlasten, zu massiven Ablagerungen in Siedlungsbereichen führen und auch sehr große Einwirkungen auf exponierte Gebäude bewirken. Die Dynamik dieser Prozess-Objekt-Interaktion von großer Bedeutung. Dennoch besteht hier Forschungsbedarf, der insbesondere für die Planung von (Objekt)Schutzmaßnahmen oder raumplanerischen Maßnahmen wichtig ist. FWF-Projekt P27400-NBL befasste sich mit der Modellierung und Analyse fluviatiler Naturgefahrenprozesse und deren Interaktion mit Gebäuden. Umfassende Experimente im hydraulischen Modellversuch wurden durchgeführt, um einwirkende Kräfte aus Wildbachprozessen auf Gebäude zu quantifizieren und maßgebende Einflussparameter zu identifizieren. Die Untersuchungen basierten auf einer Fallstudienbetrachtung des Schnannerbaches in Österreich. Das steile Wildbachgerinne sowie der angrenzende Schwemmkegelbereich mit den komplexen Gebäudestrukturen wurden nachgebildet. Einwirkungen aus den Prozessen auf die Gebäude wurden mittels drei-axialen Kraftsensoren in hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung erfasst. Dabei wurde auch die Durchströmung der Objekte berücksichtigt. Die Experimente zeigten, dass die Einwirkungen auf die Gebäude stark vom Ablagerungsmuster am Schwemmkegel beeinflusst werden. Die räumliche Anordnung der Gebäude und ihre gegenseitige Beeinflussung (Abschattung) sind hierbei relevant, hingegen sind die Eigenschaften des Prozesses von geringerer Bedeutung. Jene Einwirkungen durch die statischen Ablagerungen nach Ereignisende betrugen etwa 60- 70% der Maximalwerte während des Ereignisses. Mit statischen Berechnungen konnte gezeigtwerden, dass diese Einwirkungsgrößen unterden gegebenen Prozessrahmenbedingungen und -vereinfachungen nicht zum Versagen der strukturellen Standsicherheit der betrachteten Gebäude führen. Die Erkenntnisse aus den Modellversuchen beziehen sich auf fluviatile Verlagerungsprozesse. Es ist anzunehmen, dass murartige Verlagerungsprozesse und Murgänge höhere Einwirkungen auf Gebäude bewirken und auch die Prozesscharakteristika größeren Einfluss auf die Ausprägung der Einwirkungen ausüben. FWF-Projekt P27400-NBL wurde in einem interdisziplinären Team mit Forschern der Universität Innsbruck, der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien und der Universidad Austral de Chile in Valdivia bearbeitet. Dabei wurden eine Dissertation sowie mehrere Master- und Bachelorarbeiten abgeschlossen. Projektergebnisse wurden in mehreren peer-reviewed Journal-Artikeln publiziertund an (inter)nationalen Fachkonferenzen / Workshops präsentiert.

Research institution(s)
  • Universität für Bodenkultur Wien - 18%
  • Universität Innsbruck - 82%
Project participants
  • Sven Fuchs, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien , associated research partner
International project participants
  • Giorgio Rosatti, Università di Trento - Italy

Research Output

  • 1018 Citations
  • 17 Publications
Publications
  • 2019
    Title Short communication: A model to predict flood loss in mountain areas
    DOI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.03.026
    Type Journal Article
    Author Fuchs S
    Journal Environmental Modelling & Software
    Pages 176-180
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Recent advances in vulnerability assessment for the built environment exposed to torrential hazards: Challenges and the way forward
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.067
    Type Journal Article
    Author Fuchs S
    Journal Journal of Hydrology
    Pages 587-595
  • 2019
    Title Vulnerability indicators for natural hazards: an innovative selection and weighting approach
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-50257-2
    Type Journal Article
    Author Papathoma-Köhle M
    Journal Scientific Reports
    Pages 15026
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title Micro-sized enterprises: vulnerability to flash floods
    DOI 10.1007/s11069-016-2476-9
    Type Journal Article
    Author Karagiorgos K
    Journal Natural Hazards
    Pages 1091-1107
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title 3-D hydrodynamic modelling of flood impacts on a building and indoor flooding processes
    DOI 10.5194/nhess-16-1351-2016
    Type Journal Article
    Author Gems B
    Journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
    Pages 1351-1368
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title Vulnerability curves versus vulnerability indicators: application of an indicator-based methodology for debris-flow hazards
    DOI 10.5194/nhess-2016-76
    Type Preprint
    Author Papathoma-Köhle M
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title Natural Hazard Management from a Coevolutionary Perspective: Exposure and Policy Response in the European Alps
    DOI 10.1080/24694452.2016.1235494
    Type Journal Article
    Author Fuchs S
    Journal Annals of the American Association of Geographers
    Pages 382-392
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title Vulnerability curves vs. vulnerability indicators: application of an indicator-based methodology for debris-flow hazards
    DOI 10.5194/nhess-16-1771-2016
    Type Journal Article
    Author Papathoma-Köhle M
    Journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
    Pages 1771-1790
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Understanding impact dynamics on buildings caused by fluviatile sediment transport
    DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.016
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sturm M
    Journal Geomorphology
    Pages 45-59
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Experimental analyses of impact forces on buildings exposed to fluvial hazards
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.070
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sturm M
    Journal Journal of Hydrology
    Pages 1-13
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Matrices, curves and indicators: A review of approaches to assess physical vulnerability to debris flows
    DOI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.007
    Type Journal Article
    Author Papathoma-Köhle M
    Journal Earth-Science Reviews
    Pages 272-288
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Experimental measurements of flood-induced impact forces on exposed elements
    DOI 10.1051/e3sconf/20184005005
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sturm M
    Journal E3S Web of Conferences
    Pages 05005
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Vulnerability to Flash Floods: A Simplified Structural Model for Masonry Buildings
    DOI 10.1029/2018wr022577
    Type Journal Article
    Author Milanesi L
    Journal Water Resources Research
    Pages 7177-7197
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Natural Hazard Management from a Coevolutionary Perspective: Exposure and Policy Response in the European Alps
    DOI 10.4324/9781315158914-13
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Fuchs S
    Publisher Taylor & Francis
    Pages 146-155
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Validierung experimenteller und 3-D-numerischer Untersuchungen zur Einwirkung hydrodynamischer Fließprozesse auf Objekte
    DOI 10.1007/s35147-017-0075-7
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sturm M
    Journal WASSERWIRTSCHAFT
    Pages 21-27
  • 2017
    Title Flood risk perception and adaptation capacity: a contribution to the socio-hydrology debate
    DOI 10.5194/hess-21-3183-2017
    Type Journal Article
    Author Fuchs S
    Journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
    Pages 3183-3198
    Link Publication
  • 2014
    Title A physical approach on flood risk vulnerability of buildings
    DOI 10.5194/hess-18-3817-2014
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mazzorana B
    Journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
    Pages 3817-3836
    Link Publication

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