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Secularism and its discontents. Toward a phenomenology of religious violence

Secularism and its discontents. Toward a phenomenology of religious violence

Michael Staudigl (ORCID: 0000-0001-8683-9664)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P29599
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start October 1, 2016
  • End December 31, 2020
  • Funding amount € 308,888
  • Project website

Disciplines

Philosophy, Ethics, Religion (100%)

Keywords

    Religious violence, Secularism, Phenomenology, Affectivity, Vulnerability, Symbolism

Abstract Final report

In the wake of globalization and its discontents, unprecedented forms of religious violence keep aris- ing and cast a spell on our secular conceptions of reason, freedom, autonomy, sovereignty, and politics. In their excessive and phenomenal character these forms present pressing challenges to public dis- course and academic research. Our project hypothesizes that this situation testifies to a "new logics of violence" that escapes traditional accounts in the social sciences and the humanities and, hence, calls for rigorous reflection. Departing from an analysis of the recent crisis of secular reason, we propose to analyze contemporary forms of religious violence from an inherently philosophical viewpoint. Our research revolves around the hypothesis that the role of the body, the emotions and pas- sions has been eclipsed all too largely in late modern social imaginaries and political theories. Contra- ry to this we hypothesize that it is exactly the lived body and the emotions that play an indispensable role in the creation of the "social bond." This becomes fully intelligible with regard to the ways this bond is dealt with and performed in religious traditions and practices. Our project seeks to demon- strate that an understanding of the contemporary revival of religious communities, their socially bind- ing potentials, as well as abyssal potential for violence calls for a renewed philosophical framework, i.e., one that revolves around the reassessment of the body and the emotions as constitutive resources for human identity, self-determination, and socialization. In this novel perspective, the projects pro- ceeds by addressing religious violence in terms of the "affective fragility of man" and his communities in the global context of an unprecedented collapse of traditional cultural and sociopolitical identities, instead of relegating it to the status of mere irrationality. The aim of the project is three-fold: we propose to 1) motivate the philosophical concern with the new "logics" of religious violence; 2) elaborate an analytical framework for addressing various related phe- nomena in depth; and 3) investigate critically its impact on the self-understanding of secular reason and occidental philosophy in order, finally, to reflect upon new capacities for confronting such vio- lence. Methodically viewed, we will proceed by exploring the yet unplumbed potentials of philosophical and especially phenomenologicalanalysis for addressing the issue at hand. By orchestrating a series of confrontations between related research in contemporary philosophy and the more interdiscipli- nary research on religious violence, the project sets out to pave new paths for understanding religious violence. In focussing the implication of our images of the body and the role of the emotions in reli- gious accounts of the social bond, this projects addresses a yet underexposed issue that will be of sig- nificant importance for existing research on the topic.

Gegenstand des Projekts war eine phänomenologische Untersuchung der ebenso komplexen wie kontrovers diskutierten Thematik "religiöser Gewalt". In einem ersten Schritt lokalisierte das Projekt Ressourcen traditioneller phänomenologischer Analyse und Theoriebildung, die für dieses Vorhaben Relevanz haben. Auf der Grundlage von Vorarbeiten zu einer Phänomenologie der Gewalt erweiterte das Projekt den praktischen Fokus der Anwendung phänomenologischer Forschung auf dieses spezifische Grenzphänomen der Sozialwelt. In diesem Rahmen wurde zweitens eine Reihe konkreter Phänomene (religiöser Eifer, Fanatismus, das Gewaltpotential "unbedingter Handlungen") aufgegriffen und in phänomenologischer Perspektive analysiert. Auf diesem Wege fügte das Projekt der phänomenologischen Beschreibung menschlicher, ja allzu menschlicher Existenz nicht einfach nur eine weitere Facette hinzu. Es entwickelte am Leitfaden dieser Analyse in eins eine entscheidende Einsicht mit kardinalen Konsequenzen für die politische, die Religions- und die Sozialphilosophie: Diese Einsicht betrifft unsere Auffassung solcher Phänomene "negativer Sozialität", die nicht einfach als bloße Irrationalität, pathologische Inzidenzen oder Rückfälle in einen überkommen gedachten Naturzustand abzutun sind. In diesem Kontext fokussierte das Projekt die tiefe, oft ausgeblendete Beziehung, die unsere Wahrnehmung von (insbesondere religiöser) Gewalt an unsere normativ verbrämte Vorstellung davon bindet, wie soziale Ordnung funktionieren soll. In dieser Perspektive wurde gezeigt, dass und wie der Topos "religiöse Gewalt" gerade auch für rezente Diskurse über die "Wiederkehr der Religion" und die sog. "post-säkulare Gesellschaft" von tatsächlich konstitutiver Bedeutung ist. Nicht nur in der politischen Moderne und der Aufklärung, sondern auch noch in unseren spätmodernen social imaginaries werden Religion und Gewalt eng verbunden gesehen und in ihrer Konstellation als Widerlager von Vernunft und Vergemeinschaftung repräsentiert. Im Zeichen einer im Mahlstrom der Globalisierung aus der Bahn geratenden Modernisierung wird dieser Topos noch wirkmächtiger. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Repräsentation solcher Gewalt von konstitutiver Bedeutung für die Aufrechterhaltung unserer (westlichen) Ideale von gesellschaftlicher Integration und prozeduraler Vergemeinschaftung sind. Dabei wird, wie das Projekt weiter zeigte, religiöse Gewalt oft zu einer Chiffre der Imagination von Unordnung, deren Abweis und Ausstoßung für die Aufrechterhaltung sozialer Ordnung notwendig erscheint. Ein entscheidendes Resultat des Projekts besteht entsprechend darin, eine gewisse Selbstgerechtigkeit unserer abendländischen Vernunftkonzeptionen entlarvt zu haben. Die Selbsterhaltung von Vernunft hat daher die Gefahr zu gewärtigen, dass sie an der Konstruktion ihres "Anderen"-der Gewalt, der Religion, "religiöser Gewalt"-beteiligt ist, ja daran parasitiert, und ihrer eigenen Gewalt gegenüber indifferent wird. Eine Phänomenologie "religiöser Gewalt" kann daher guten Gewissens nur geschrieben werden, wenn sie auch eine Analyse jener (post)säkularen Vernunftdiskurse ist, die unsere Bilder "religiöser Gewalt" immer schon mitkonstituieren.

Research institution(s)
  • Universität Wien - 100%
International project participants
  • James Mensch, Charles University Prague - Czechia
  • Marc Crepon, Ecole Normale Superieure Paris - France
  • Farhad Khosrokhavar, L´ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales - France
  • Jacob Rogozinski, Université de Strasbourg - France
  • Cicek Hüseyin, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg - Germany
  • Philipp Stoellger, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg - Germany
  • Martin Endress, Universität Trier - Germany
  • Raphael Zagury-Orly, Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design Jerusalem - Israel
  • Toru Tani, Ritsumeikan University - Japan
  • Jad Hatem, Universite Saint-Joseph - Lebanon
  • Willie Van Der Merwe, University of Amsterdam - Netherlands
  • Renée Van Riessen, Universität Leiden - Netherlands
  • Jonna Bornemark, Södertörn University - Sweden
  • Richard Kearney, Boston College - USA
  • Crina Gschwandtner, Fordham University - USA
  • Anthony J. Steinbock, The State University of New York at Stony Brook - USA
  • Andrea Stanton, University of Denver - USA
  • Jenny Pearce, University of Bradford

Research Output

  • 89 Citations
  • 31 Publications
  • 9 Scientific Awards
  • 1 Fundings
Publications
  • 2017
    Title Transcendence of the Negative: Günther Anders’ Apocalyptic Phenomenology
    DOI 10.3390/rel8040059
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Religions
    Pages 59
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Making sense of Heidegger’s ‘phenomenology of the inconspicuous’ or inapparent (Phänomenologie des Unscheinbaren)
    DOI 10.1007/s11007-017-9422-8
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Continental Philosophy Review
    Pages 211-238
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Alfred Schutz and Phenomenology of Religion: Explorations into Ambiguous Territory
    DOI 10.1007/s10746-017-9451-7
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal Human Studies
    Pages 491-499
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title "Scum of the Earth": Patocka, Atonement, and Waste
    DOI 10.25180/lj.v19i1.73
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Labyrinth
    Pages 102
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Phenomenology’s Rejects: Religion after Derrida’s Denegations
    DOI 10.1515/opth-2017-0045
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Open Theology
    Pages 590-599
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Transcendence, Self-Transcendence, Making Transcendence Together: Toward a New Paradigm for Phenomenology of Religion
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl Michael
    Journal BOGOSLOVNI VESTNIK-THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY-EPHEMERIDES THEOLOGICAE
    Pages 517-531
  • 2017
    Title In the Name of the Unconditioned: Jaspers, Marion and a Phenomenology of Disavowed Violence
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J.
    Journal Journal für Religionsphilosophie
  • 2016
    Title Phenomenology and the Post-secular Turn: Reconsidering the ‘Return of the Religious’
    DOI 10.1080/09672559.2016.1259917
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal International Journal of Philosophical Studies
    Pages 589-599
  • 2016
    Title On Seizing the Source: Toward a Phenomenology of Religious Violence
    DOI 10.1080/09672559.2016.1284785
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal International Journal of Philosophical Studies
    Pages 744-782
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Religiöser Eifer. Philosophische Annäherung an ein komplexes Phänomen
    DOI 10.13109/9783788734466.51
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Tietjen R
    Publisher Brill Deutschland
    Pages 51-80
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Religious zeal as an affective phenomenon
    DOI 10.1007/s11097-020-09664-4
    Type Journal Article
    Author Tietjen R
    Journal Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
    Pages 75-91
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Immediacy: Steinbock and Lacoste between Emotions and Religious Experience
    DOI 10.22329/p.v13i2.6207
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal PhaenEx
    Pages 11-37
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Recovering the Vertical: Confronting Religious Violence in a Phenomenological Key
    DOI 10.22329/p.v13i2.6213
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal PhaenEx
    Pages 62-85
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title God’s Playthings: Eugen Fink’s Phenomenology of Religion in Play as Symbol of the World
    DOI 10.1163/15691640-12341412
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Research in Phenomenology
    Pages 88-117
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Faith and Forgetfulness: Homo Religiosus, Jean-Louis Chrétien, and Heidegger
    DOI 10.3390/rel10040264
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Religions
    Pages 264
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title From the Unconditioned to Unconditional Claims
    DOI 10.1163/25889613-00102008
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Journal for Continental Philosophy of Religion
    Pages 129-139
  • 2019
    Title The Ambiguity of Lived Religion: A Phenomenological Proposal for Reconceptualizing the Relationship of Religion and Violence
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal The Ritsumeikan Bungaku
    Pages 134-147
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Technology, War, and the Revenge of God: Anders, Derrida and Political Prosthesis
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J.
    Journal Kritika & Kontext
    Pages 166-175
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Ricoeur on Violence and Religion
    DOI 10.5840/studphaen20191911
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Studia Phaenomenologica
    Pages 211-233
  • 2019
    Title Parasitic Confrontations
    DOI 10.5840/studphaen2019195
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal Studia Phaenomenologica
    Pages 75-101
  • 2021
    Title Religious Zeal, Affective Fragility, and the Tragedy of Human Existence
    DOI 10.1007/s10746-021-09575-6
    Type Journal Article
    Author Tietjen R
    Journal Human Studies
    Pages 1-19
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title On the Social Constitution of Fanatical Feelings
    DOI 10.4324/9781003119371-9
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Tietjen R
    Publisher Taylor & Francis
    Pages 111-129
  • 2018
    Title From the Unconditioned to Unconditional Claims: Violence, Radical Theology, and Crisis (Special Journal Issue)
    Type Other
    Author Jason Alvis
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title From the Crisis of Secularism to the Predicament of Post-Secularism
    DOI 10.30965/23642807-00502006
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society
    Pages 379-412
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Prolegomena to a phenomenology of “religious violence”: an introductory exposition
    DOI 10.1007/s11007-020-09504-x
    Type Journal Article
    Author Staudigl M
    Journal Continental Philosophy Review
    Pages 245-270
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Phenomenologies of Religious Violence (Special Issue of Continental Philosophy Review 53/3/2020)
    Type Book
    Author Staudigl M
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Der Primat Der Gegebenheit: Zur Transformation Der Phanomenologie Nach Jean-Luc Marion
    Type Book
    Author Staudigl Michael
    Publisher Karl-Alber-Verlag
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Zwischen Häresie und Transformation: Einleitende Bemerkungen zu Jean-Luc Marions Phänomenologie der Gegebenheit; In: Der Primat der Gegebenheit. Zur Transformation der Phänomenologie nach Jean-Luc Marion
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Staudigl M
    Publisher Karl Alber
    Pages 9-28
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Anti-Event: A Case for Inconspicuousness in Religious Experience
    DOI 10.34291/bv2019/02/alvis
    Type Journal Article
    Author Alvis J
    Journal Bogoslovni vestnik
    Pages 395-410
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Reflections on the Meanings of Religious Violence: A Phenomenological Exploration
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-27173-2_4
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Staudigl M
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Pages 59-90
  • 2019
    Title Is Violence Inescapable? Derrida, Religion, and the Irreducibility of Violence
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-27173-2_6
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Alvis J
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Pages 111-133
Scientific Awards
  • 2021
    Title Phenomenologies of religious experience
    Type Appointed as the editor/advisor to a journal or book series
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2021
    Title Hermeneutics in Enactment
    Type Appointed as the editor/advisor to a journal or book series
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2021
    Title Phänomenologie (Book series)
    Type Appointed as the editor/advisor to a journal or book series
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2020
    Title Phainomena
    Type Appointed as the editor/advisor to a journal or book series
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2019
    Title Staudigl_Keynote Wuppertal
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2019
    Title Appointment RaT
    Type Prestigious/honorary/advisory position to an external body
    Level of Recognition National (any country)
  • 2018
    Title Staudigl_Keynote Vienna 2018
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2018
    Title Staudigl_Keynote Groningen 2018
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2017
    Title Hagedorn_Keynote Warsaw
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
Fundings
  • 2019
    Title Revenge of the Sacred:Phenomenology and ends of Christianity
    Type Other
    Start of Funding 2019

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