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Strongly correlated Quantum Fields out of equilibrium

Hannes-Jörg Schmiedmayer (ORCID: 0000-0001-7799-5614)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P36656
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status Ended
  • Start February 1, 2023
  • End January 31, 2026
  • Funding amount € 599,812

Disciplines

Physics, Astronomy (100%)

Keywords

  • Quantum simulation,
  • Ultracold quantum gas,
  • Out Of Equilibrium,
  • Many Body Systems,
  • Relaxatioj
Abstract Final report

Die Beschreibung wechselwirkender Vielkörper-Quantensysteme, die starke Korrelationen aufweisen, stellt eines der schwierigsten Probleme der Physik dar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Dynamik und Relaxation außerhalb des Gleichgewichts. Solche Systeme erscheinen in einem sehr breiten Kontext, der von der Kosmologie, Hochenergiephysik bis hin zu Festkörperphysik und Biologie reicht Eine vollständige Beschreibung solcher Systeme geht sehr schnell weit über das hinaus, was auf klassischen Computern berechnet werden kann. Oft werden sie durch effektive Quantenfeldtheorien (QuFTs) beschrieben. Durch den Bau von Modellsystemen im Labor wird es möglich, die Physik zu quantensimulieren und theoretische Modelle und ihre ungefähren Werte zu testen. In unserem Projekt werden wir einen Quantensimulator für stark korrelierte Quantensysteme bauen und ihre Gleichgewichtseigenschaften und Nichtgleichgewichtsentwicklung und Relaxation über eine Vielzahl von Parametern und physikalischen Einstellungen experimentell untersuchen. Ausgangspunkt unserer Untersuchungen ist eine Quantensimulation des Sine -Gordon- Modells über zwei tunnelgekoppelte 1D-Superfluide. In den Experimenten können wir die Physik von einfach gaußsch bis sehr stark korreliert abstimmen. Wir werden uns auf 4 Hauptziele konzentrieren: (i) Relaxation nach einem Quench (schnelle Änderung der Parameter). (ii)Dynamisches Kontrollieren um (a) die QuFT nahe an ihrem Quantenvakuumzustand zu präparieren und (b) ein Modell eines expandierenden Universums zu erstellen. (iii) Starke Anregungen und Teilchenerzeugung: Dadurch können wir Startbedingungen schaffen, die außerhalb der Gültigkeit des SG-Modells liegen, und damit den Gültigkeitsbereich des Quantensimulators untersuchen. (iv)die Nichtgleichgewichtsdynamik in räumlich inhomogenen Systemen untersuchen B. das Boundary-SG-Modell. Zentral für all diese Untersuchungen wird es sein, das Modell zu verifizieren und seinen Gültigkeitsbereich auszuloten. Unsere Experimente werden auf einem AtomChip mit eindimensionalen (1D) Quantengasen aus Rb-Atomen durchgeführt, wobei die 1D-Systeme individuell in-situ durch die Entwicklung von Dichte und Impuls, und durch Interferenzen und Korrelationen untersucht werden. Dies erlaubt zu beobachten, wie sich das Vielteilchensystem und seine makroskopische Wellenfunktion entwickeln. Das Aufteilen eines einzelnen 1D-Systems in einem Doppelmuldenpotential ermöglicht es uns, die beiden tunnelgekoppelten 1D-Superfluide zu erzeugen, die den Quantensimulator des SG-Modells bilden, und die Stärke der Korrelationen einzustellen. Das Quantenfelds und seine Kohärenz kann dann durch Interferenz gemessen werden und so die feldtheoretische Beschreibung sichtbar gemacht werden.

Understanding the quantum world out of balance - a new kind of quantum simulator Quantum physics governs matter at its most fundamental level, yet some of its most important phenomena remain beyond our ability to calculate. When many particles interact strongly and a system is pushed far from rest - as happens in processes ranging from the early universe to superconductors and exotic materials - even the most powerful computers cannot keep up. This project built and used a new kind of quantum simulator: a precisely controlled system of ultra-cold atoms, cooled to temperatures a hundred million times colder than room temperature, that mimics the behaviour of otherwise incalculable quantum systems. At the heart of our simulator are two thread-like clouds of a few thousand rubidium atoms, trapped side by side on a tiny chip and allowed to weakly exchange atoms. By observing how the two clouds interfere - like waves on a pond - we can read out the quantum state with extraordinary precision. The physics that emerges is described by the Sine-Gordon model, a quantum field theory appearing across physics: in magnetic materials, models of the early universe, and particle physics. Our simulator gives direct experimental access to this theory in a regime where calculation is practically impossible. Over the course of this project we made several significant advances. We demonstrated that our system transports energy and particles almost without loss - so-called ballistic transport - and measured it quantitatively for the first time in such a system, with results published in the journal Science. We developed tools to excite and observe sound-like waves in the quantum gas, finding that they damp out in a way predicted by theory decades ago but never before seen in experiment. We designed precise control methods to prepare the quantum gas in specific, tailor-made starting states - a crucial ingredient for future experiments. We also applied machine learning to our data, training a computer to identify key features of the quantum state without being told what to look for. The algorithm independently discovered the relevant physics and revealed quantum structures - called solitons - that conventional analysis had missed. Finally, working with theory partners, we showed that a fundamental property of quantum information known as the area law of entanglement holds even in our strongly interacting simulator. This means the quantum information shared between different parts of the system grows far more slowly than naively expected - a result with deep implications for understanding complex quantum systems. Together, these results establish our platform as a powerful quantum simulator for strongly correlated physics, opening new routes to study phenomena that classical computers cannot reach.

Research institution(s)
  • Technische Universität Wien - 100%
Project participants
  • Andreas Deutschmann-Olek, Technische Universität Wien , national collaboration partner
  • Igor E. Mazets, Technische Universität Wien , national collaboration partner
  • Hanns-Christoph Nägerl, Universität Innsbruck , national collaboration partner
  • Norbert J. Mauser, Wolfgang Pauli Institut , national collaboration partner
  • Marcus Huber, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften , national collaboration partner
  • Peter Zoller, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften , national collaboration partner
International project participants
  • Fabian H.L. Essler, University of Oxford

Research Output

  • 26 Citations
  • 11 Publications
  • 1 Methods & Materials
  • 2 Datasets & models
  • 2 Fundings
Publications
  • 2025
    Title Characterizing transport in a quantum gas by measuring Drude weights
    DOI 10.1126/science.ads8327
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schüttelkopf P
    Journal Science
    Pages 290-293
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Fast coherent splitting of Bose-Einstein condensates
    DOI 10.1103/pjqv-r3p6
    Type Journal Article
    Author Kuriatnikov Y
    Journal Physical Review Research
    Pages 043108
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Systematic analysis of relative phase extraction in one-dimensional Bose gases interferometry
    DOI 10.21468/scipostphys.18.2.065
    Type Journal Article
    Author Murtadho T
    Journal SciPost Physics
  • 2025
    Title Learning Minimal Representations of Many-Body Physics from Snapshots of a Quantum Simulator
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2509.13821
    Type Preprint
    Author Møller F
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Damping of phonons in one-dimensional quantum fluids
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2511.13681
    Type Preprint
    Author Cataldini F
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Observation of area laws in an interacting quantum field simulator
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2510.13783
    Type Preprint
    Author Jarema M
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Momentum-resolved two-dimensional spectroscopy as a probe of nonlinear quantum field dynamics
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2509.25147
    Type Preprint
    Author De Santis D
    Link Publication
  • 2026
    Title How compactness curbs entanglement growth in bosonic systems
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2603.16775
    Type Preprint
    Author Aimet S
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Measurement of total phase fluctuation in cold-atomic quantum simulators
    DOI 10.1103/physrevresearch.7.l022031
    Type Journal Article
    Author Murtadho T
    Journal Physical Review Research
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Hydrodynamics of quasi one dimensional Bose gases
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Moller Frederic
  • 2023
    Title Dynamics of quantum-correlated one-dimensional Bose gases
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Zhang Tiantian
Methods & Materials
  • 0
    Title Uprading the experiment
    Type Improvements to research infrastructure
Datasets & models
  • 2025 Link
    Title Replication Data for: Characterising transport in a quantum gas by measuring Drude weights
    DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17359909
    Type Database/Collection of data
    Public Access
    Link Link
  • 2024 Link
    Title iFluid
    Type Computer model/algorithm
    Public Access
    Link Link
Fundings
  • 2023
    Title AQuSim: Austrian Quantum Simulation Infrastructure
    Type Capital/infrastructure (including equipment)
    Start of Funding 2023
    Funder Austrian Research Promotion Agency
  • 2023
    Title Emergence in Quantum Physics (EMQ)
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    DOI 10.3030/101097858
    Start of Funding 2023
    Funder European Research Council (ERC)

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