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how lineage proportions regulate early human development?

how lineage proportions regulate early human development?

Heidar Heidari Khoei (ORCID: 0000-0002-7362-1698)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/ESP3978025
  • Funding program ESPRIT
  • Status ongoing
  • Start October 1, 2025
  • End September 30, 2028
  • Funding amount € 346,505

Disciplines

Biology (50%); Computer Sciences (25%); Clinical Medicine (25%)

Keywords

    Lineage specification, Embryo development, Stem cell-based models, Blastoids, Cell fate decisions, Hypoblast

Abstract

The very first weeks after fertilization are among the most importantand least understoodphases of human life. During this time, the embryo begins to organize itself by forming the first building blocks of the body and the placenta. These early cell types must appear in the right proportions and coordinate closely, so the embryo grows properly in size, shape, and structure. If something goes wrong at this stage, it can prevent a healthy pregnancy. In fact, most embryos naturally fail to develop during these early days. However, studying these early stages in humans is extremely difficult because access to early embryos is very limited. To overcome this, we are using a new research model called human blastoids. These are structures grown from stem cells in the lab that closely mimic the first days of human development. They were developed by our team and offer a powerful and ethical way to study how early human embryos form. This project aims to understand how the right balance between the different cell types is achieved. To do this, we will combine several cutting-edge technologies. First, we will use single-cell transcriptomics to measure gene activity in individual cells. Then well use phosphoproteomics to track how cells send and receive signals. Finally, well analyze the metabolic state of the cells to understand their energy needs and internal functions. By bringing together these approaches, we hope to uncover how early human embryos regulate the balance of cells needed to form the body and placenta. These findings could help explain why many embryos stop developing or fail to implant in the uterus. In the long term, this research could help improve fertility treatments and our understanding of early human development. PR-Vorhabenszusammenfassung (Deutsch) Die ersten Wochen nach der Befruchtung zählen zu den wichtigsten, aber auch am wenigsten verstandenen Phasen des menschlichen Lebens. In dieser Zeit beginnt sich der Embryo zu organisieren: Es entstehen erste Zelltypen, aus denen sich später der Körper und die Plazenta entwickeln. Diese Zelltypen müssen im richtigen Verhältnis zueinander entstehen und eng zusammenarbeiten, damit sich der Embryo richtig entwickelt in Größe, Form und Struktur. Wenn in dieser frühen Phase etwas schiefläuft, kann eine gesunde Schwangerschaft verhindert werden. Tatsächlich entwickeln sich die meisten menschlichen Embryonen in dieser Zeit nicht weiter. Das Problem: Die Erforschung dieser allerersten Entwicklungsschritte beim Menschen ist sehr schwierig, da der Zugang zu frühen Embryonen stark eingeschränkt ist. Um dieses Hindernis zu überwinden, nutzen wir sogenannte Blastoide das sind im Labor aus Stammzellen erzeugte Modelle, die die ersten Tage der menschlichen Embryonalentwicklung nachahmen. Diese wurden von unserem Team entwickelt und bieten eine ethisch vertretbare und leistungsfähige Möglichkeit, frühe Entwicklungsprozesse beim Menschen zu untersuchen. In diesem Projekt wollen wir herausfinden, wie das Gleichgewicht zwischen den verschiedenen Zelltypen im Embryo reguliert wird. Dafür kombinieren wir mehrere hochmoderne Methoden: Mit Einzelzell-Transkriptomik untersuchen wir, welche Gene in einzelnen Zellen aktiv sind. Die Phosphoproteomik hilft uns zu verstehen, wie Zellen miteinander kommunizieren. Und mithilfe von Metabolomik analysieren wir den Stoffwechselzustand der Zellen also wie sie Energie produzieren und verarbeiten. Durch diese systematische Herangehensweise wollen wir die Mechanismen aufdecken, mit denen sich das Gleichgewicht der Zelltypen einstellt ein Prozess, der entscheidend für eine gesunde Entwicklung ist. Unsere Erkenntnisse könnten helfen zu erklären, warum viele Embryonen sich nicht richtig weiterentwickeln oder nicht in die Gebärmutter einnisten. Langfristig könnten sie auch zur Verbesserung von Fruchtbarkeitsbehandlungen beitragen.

Research institution(s)
  • IMBA – Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie GmbH - 100%
Project participants
  • Nicolas Rivron, IMBA – Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie GmbH , mentor
  • Karl Mechtler, Institut für Molekulare Pathologie - IMP , national collaboration partner

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