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Refractory rheumatoid arthritis (the reRA study)

Refractory rheumatoid arthritis (the reRA study)

Daniel Aletaha (ORCID: 0000-0003-2108-0030)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/KLI317
  • Funding program Clinical Research
  • Status ended
  • Start May 5, 2014
  • End November 4, 2018
  • Funding amount € 287,532

Disciplines

Biology (10%); Health Sciences (10%); Clinical Medicine (75%); Medical-Theoretical Sciences, Pharmacy (5%)

Keywords

    Rheumatoid Arthritis, Refractory Disease, Patient Segmentation, Prediction, Risk Stratification, Personalised Medicine

Abstract Final report

In der Forschung zur rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) waren die letzten 10-15 Jahre durch enorme Fortschritte im therapeutischen Bereich geprĂ€gt, einerseits durch die Entwicklung und Zulassung einer Vielzahl neuer Medikamente, aber auch durch ein besseres VerstĂ€ndnis der notwendigen Therapiestrategien ("Treat-to-Target"). FĂŒr die meisten Patienten mit RA ist die Erkrankung daher schon lange nicht mehr von schwerer Behinderung gekennzeichnet und ein funktionell normales Leben ist fĂŒr sie möglich. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es eine Gruppe von Patienten mit RA, fĂŒr welche diese Aussagen nicht zutreffen: die Erkrankung dieser Patienten schreitet fort und sie entwickeln mitunter betrĂ€chtlichen Gelenkschaden trotz all der erwĂ€hnten therapeutischen Fortschritte. Es ist genau diese Gruppe von RA Patienten, die im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Forschungsprojekts steht. Diese "refraktĂ€ren" Patienten werden definiert als jene, die auf wiederholte Therapiezyklen mit traditionellen Basistherapien und Biologika wenig ansprechen und weiterhin hohe KrankheitsaktivitĂ€t zeigen. In dieser Studie sollen diese refraktĂ€ren Patienten mit jenen verglichen werden, die prompt (d.h. auf eine der ersten Therapien, die sie erhalten) ansprechen und daher sehr wahrscheinlich keinen dauerhaften Schaden entwickeln. Der Vergleich dieser Gruppen wird aktuell (auf Basis von Studien-bezogenen Untersuchungen) und auch historisch durchgefĂŒhrt, d.h. es wird der Zustand von refraktĂ€ren Patienten zu einem Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit herangezogen, wo das schlechte Therapieergebnis noch nicht bekannt war. Eine longitudinale Datenbank und eine Biobank mit verfĂŒgbaren Patientenseren erlauben diesen zusĂ€tzlichen und wichtigen historischen Vergleich mit der Gruppe der prompt ansprechenden Patienten. Einige Patienten prĂ€sentieren sich mitunter klinisch als refraktĂ€r (d.h. mit anhaltender Gelenksymptomatik), ohne dass jedoch eine Progression der GelenkschĂ€digung festzustellen ist. In einem weiteren Schritt soll daher diese Gruppe von Patienten, die somit auch weniger aggressiv behandelt werden mĂŒssen, jenen gegenĂŒbergestellt werden, die bei klinischer RefraktĂ€ritĂ€t sich eben auch strukturell verschlechtern. Diese Analysen sollen der bisherigen wissenschaftlichen VernachlĂ€ssigung dieser zwar relativ kleinen, aber therapeutisch höchst brisanten Subgruppe von RA Patienten Rechnung tragen, deren schlechtes therapeutisches Ergebnis in derzeitigen Studien meist in der Gesamtmasse der untersuchten Patienten verschwimmt. Die aktuellen Therapiekonzepte und Studien tragen dieser Problematik, die oft als Randproblematik angesehen wird, nicht Rechnung, obwohl es von der Analyse der radiologischen Progression sehr offensichtlich ist, dass sich nur ein geringer Teil der Patienten strukturell verschlechtert, und dieser mitunter dafĂŒr dramatisch. Die Charakterisierung der Patienten mit einem Risiko, zukĂŒnftig der klinisch oder klinisch und strukturell refraktĂ€ren Gruppe anzugehören wird einerseits spezifische Studien ermöglichen, die diese Patienten inkludieren, aber auch erlauben, in der tĂ€glichen klinischen Praxis im Sinne der personalisierten Therapie Risikopatienten zu identifizeren, um fĂŒr diese Patienten die effektivsten Therapien und konsequentesten Strategien anwenden zu können, und bestehende Limitierungen in dieser Hinsicht zu ĂŒberkommen.

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory destructive joint disease that affects 1% of the population. Treatment of RA has experienced tremendous innovations over the past 20 years, including targeted therapeutic agents as well as novel treatment strategies with a defined target of remission or low disease activity. However, even in times of innovative treatment strategies and modern therapeutics, a subgroup of patients remains to pose a challenge to rheumatologists. These patients are characterised by a lack of clinical response to numerous consecutive therapeutic interventions and may exhibit significant progression of joint damage and irreversible disability. This group of patients is currently poorly defined and is sometimes referred to as difficult or problematic RA, or simply as refractory. Methods. In the reRA study, we elucidated components of refractory disease and examine possible risk factors and predictors of this dire course of disease. In the absence of a general acknowledged definition, we put forward a base case of refractory disease, based on an expert survey we conducted. It is defined as failing to reach the treatment target of at least low disease activity with =3 treatment courses, including =1 biological, over a total of =18 months. Patients were screened and included at the outpatient department of the Division of Rheumatology at the Medical University of Vienna. Patients from the Second Department of Medicine of Hietzing Hospital were used for validation. They were assessed clinically, and for function, structural damage, inflammatory activity via ultrasound, laboratory tests, and biomarkers at point of inclusion. A subgroup of patients was also assessed at the University clinic of Dentistry for periodontal measurement and microbial analysis. To understand the true nature of refractory disease, its causes and implications, these patients were compared to the clearly contrasting phenotype of treatment amenable RA, taRA, as patients reaching persistent low disease activity, or persistent remission. Current Results. We identified several subtypes of refractory RA: inflammatory refractoriness, clinical refractoriness with controlled inflammatory activity, and false-positive refractoriness due to an isolated (non-RA related) pain component. Based on our base case definition for refractory disease, we could identify 70 patients at our clinic and contrasted them to treatment amenable RA. We identified the following important predictors of refractory RA: delay to initial therapy, female gender, as well as high disease activity at baseline, and combined these predictors in a matrix model for multivariable risk prediction of reRA. Of the 114 patients (reRA, n=57) who were prospectively included in the reRA study we obtained biomatieral (serum, plasma, urine) at study entry, and 66 patients of these (reRA, n= 33) underwent examination of their periodontal status and detailed evaluation of their oral microbiological status. Expected further results. Results from the analyses of periodontal measurements and oral microbiota, as well as potential biomarkers for refractory disease are still ongoing and will be provided after their completion.

Research institution(s)
  • Medizinische UniversitĂ€t Wien - 91%
  • Wiener Gesundheitsverbund - 9%
Project participants
  • Josef S. Smolen, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund , associated research partner
International project participants
  • Richard Imrich, Slovak Academy of Sciences - Slovakia

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