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The beta-tubulins in neuronal migration and disease

The beta-tubulins in neuronal migration and disease

David A. Keays (ORCID: 0000-0002-8343-8002)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P21092
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start July 1, 2009
  • End June 30, 2013
  • Funding amount € 295,838

Disciplines

Biology (50%); Medical-Theoretical Sciences, Pharmacy (50%)

Keywords

    Neuroscience, Neuronal Migration, Tubulin, Knock In Mice, Lissencephaly, Genetics

Abstract Final report

Die Entwicklung des menschlichen Gehirns ist ein biologisches Phänomen. Ausgestattet lediglich mit der im Genom enkodierten Information, entsteht das Hirn aus einer dünnen Schicht von neuronalen Vorlaeuferzellen , welche anschliessend proliferieren, differenzieren und migrieren. Die Migration dieser neuronalen Zellen ist ein präziser Prozess, aus dem sich letztlich das Nervensystem mit einer Anzahl laminarer Strukturen entwickelt. Der Kortex zum Beispiel hat sechs eindeutig definierte Schichten, die sich in ihrer Zellzusammensetzung unterscheiden. Ererbte oder erworbene Mutationen, welche die Migrationsfähigkeit von Nervenzellen stören, führen zu schweren Stoerungen der Hirnentwicklung beim Menschen. . Lissenzephalie, was soviel bedeutet wie "glattes Hirn", ist ein Beispiel einer solchen Krankheit. Patienten, die an Lissenzephalie leiden, haben einen Kortex, der nur aus vier Schichten besteht und dem die charakteristischen Sulci und Gyri fehlen. Dies führt zu geistiger Behinderung, die oft mit Epilepsie einhergeht (Dobyns und Truwit, 1995). Lissenzephalie ist eine seltene Krankheit, jedoch werden Stoerungen der neuronalen Migration auch mit häufiger auftretenden Krankheiten in Verbindung gebracht, insbesondere mit Epilepsie und Legasthenie (Farrell, 1992). Um solche Krankheiten effektiv behandeln zu können, müssen wir zunächst ihre Ursprünge verstehen, und dazu wiederum ein Verständnis für die molekularen Mechanismen der Zellmigration entwickeln. Genetischen Studien in Mäusen und Menschen spielen dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Sie haben Forschern geholfen ein Model zu erarbeiten, welches davon ausgeht, daß Zellkernmigration eine Schlüsselkomponente neuronaler Migration ist, und daß beide Vorgänge von der Dynamik der Proteinfasern des Zytoskeletts abhängig sind. Dies konnte ich auch mit meiner neuen Entdeckung aufzeigen, daß Mutationen im a-Tubulin (TUBA1A) Gen, welches fuer ein Protein des Zytoskeletts kodiert, zu neuronalen Migrationsdefekten in Mäusen und zu Lissenzephalie in Menschen führen können (Keays et al. 2007). Meine Bewerbung konzentriert sich auf die Bindungspartner von TUBA1A und von ß- Tubulinen, und auf deren Rolle in neuronaler Migration und Krankheit. Wir haben eine Probestudie durchgeführt, die zeigt, daß auch Mutationen von ß-Tubulinen zu neuronalen Migrationsdefekten in Menschen führen können. Wir möchten diese Studie in einer größeren Patientengruppe mit kortikalen Mißbildungen wiederholen und alle ß- Tubuline im Zentralnervensystem sequenzieren. Nachdem wir so die Patienten mit Mutationen identifiziert haben, können wir ein Verständnis für die Funktion dieser Mutationen entwickeln, indem wir funktionelle Studien druchführen, die sich auf Tubulinfaltung und die Interaktion zwischen ß- und a-Tubulinen konzentrieren. Diese in vitro Studien sollen mit der Generierung von "knock-in" Mausmodellen ergänzt werden, welche die im Menschen gefundenen Mutationen reproduzieren. Umfassende Verhaltens-, Anatomie- und Zellstudien dieser Mäuse werden uns erlauben die Rolle von ß-Tubulinen in neuronaler Migration und Krankheit zu verstehen.

Approximately one in ten thousand children is born with an abnormally small head. The cause for this disorder which is known as microcephaly is a defect in the development of the embryonic brain. Children with microcephaly also suffer from mental retardation and their life expectancy is reduced. A number of genes have been implicated in the pathology of microcephaly including: ASPM, CDK5RAP2, and microcephalin. The Keays lab at the Institute of Molecular Pathology, has found a new gene which is responsible for Microcephaly; TUBB5 is the culprit. The gene belongs to a family responsible for the production of tubulins, the building blocks of the cells internal skeleton. Whenever a cell moves or divides, it relies on guidance from this internal structure, acting like a scaffold. The IMP-researchers, together with collaborators at Monash University were able to interfere with the function of the TUBB5-protein in the brains of mice. This led to disturbances in the stem cell population and impaired the migration of nerve cells. Both, the generation of large numbers of neurons from the stem cell reservoir and their correct positioning in the cortex, are essential for the development of the mammalian brain. To determine whether the findings are also relevant in humans, the Keays lab collaborated with clinicians from the Institute of Cochin in Paris. The French team led by Jamel Chelly, examined patients with pathological structural brain abnormalities and severe mental disabilities. Three of the children were found to have a mutated TUBB5-gene. The discovery of such connections is valuable for doctors who see patients with brain defects. It guides genetic counselling and reproductive decision making, and perhaps one day, will lead to new therapies to treat brain disorders.

Research institution(s)
  • Institut für Molekulare Pathologie - IMP - 100%
International project participants
  • Jamel Chelly, Institut Cochin - France
  • Nicholas J. Cowan, New York University School of Medicine - USA

Research Output

  • 469 Citations
  • 13 Publications
Publications
  • 2018
    Title Mutations in MAST1 Cause Mega-Corpus-Callosum Syndrome with Cerebellar Hypoplasia and Cortical Malformations
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.044
    Type Journal Article
    Author Tripathy R
    Journal Neuron
    Link Publication
  • 2017
    Title Brain-specific knockin of the pathogenic Tubb5 E401K allele causes defects in motor coordination and prepulse inhibition
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.029
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breuss M
    Journal Behavioural Brain Research
    Pages 47-55
    Link Publication
  • 2016
    Title Mutations in the murine homologue of TUBB5 cause microcephaly by perturbing cell cycle progression and inducing p53-associated apoptosis
    DOI 10.1242/dev.131516
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breuss M
    Journal Development
    Pages 1126-1133
    Link Publication
  • 2012
    Title A novel nonsense CDK5RAP2 mutation in a Somali child with primary microcephaly and sensorineural hearing loss
    DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.35558
    Type Journal Article
    Author Pagnamenta A
    Journal American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
    Pages 2577-2582
    Link Publication
  • 2015
    Title The expression of tubb2b undergoes a developmental transition in murine cortical neurons
    DOI 10.1002/cne.23881
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breuss M
    Journal Journal of Comparative Neurology
  • 2015
    Title The expression of tubb2b undergoes a developmental transition in murine cortical neurons
    DOI 10.1002/cne.23836
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breuss M
    Journal Journal of Comparative Neurology
    Pages 2161-2186
  • 2012
    Title Mutations in the ß-Tubulin Gene TUBB5 Cause Microcephaly with Structural Brain Abnormalities
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.11.017
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breuss M
    Journal Cell Reports
    Pages 1554-1562
    Link Publication
  • 2010
    Title The Role of Tuba1a in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and the Formation of the Dentate Gyrus
    DOI 10.1159/000319663
    Type Journal Article
    Author Keays D
    Journal Developmental Neuroscience
    Pages 268-277
    Link Publication
  • 2014
    Title TUBB5 and its disease-associated mutations influence the terminal differentiation and dendritic spine densities of cerebral cortical neurons
    DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddu238
    Type Journal Article
    Author Ngo L
    Journal Human Molecular Genetics
    Pages 5147-5158
    Link Publication
  • 2011
    Title Exome sequencing can detect pathogenic mosaic mutations present at low allele frequencies
    DOI 10.1038/jhg.2011.128
    Type Journal Article
    Author Pagnamenta A
    Journal Journal of Human Genetics
    Pages 70-72
    Link Publication
  • 2011
    Title Cytoarchitectural disruption of the superior colliculus and an enlarged acoustic startle response in the Tuba1a mutant mouse
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.035
    Type Journal Article
    Author Edwards A
    Journal Neuroscience
    Pages 191-200
    Link Publication
  • 2010
    Title Response to Braun et al.
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.03.020
    Type Journal Article
    Author Sheridan E
    Journal The American Journal of Human Genetics
    Pages 822-823
    Link Publication
  • 2010
    Title Tuba8 Is Expressed at Low Levels in the Developing Mouse and Human Brain
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.03.019
    Type Journal Article
    Author Braun A
    Journal The American Journal of Human Genetics
    Pages 819-822
    Link Publication

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