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Inside the Frame Set

Inside the Frame Set

Markus Faulhuber (ORCID: 0000-0002-7576-5724)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P33217
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start March 1, 2021
  • End August 31, 2025
  • Funding amount € 610,858
  • Project website

Disciplines

Mathematics (100%)

Keywords

    Frame Set, Frame Bounds, Totally Positive Functions, Zak Transform, Gabor System, Symplectic Group

Abstract Final report

Das Projekt wird geleitet von Dr. Markus Faulhuber und beschäftigt sich mit den mathematischen Grundlagen der Signalverarbeitung, genauer der Zeit-Frequenz Analyse. Bei gegebenem analogen Signal, wollen wir lokale Informationen über bestimmte Frequenzbänder in einem kurzen Zeitintervall erhalten. Dies bedeutet dass wir einen Teil des Signals ausschneiden oder mit einer geeigneten Funktion, z.B. eine Gaussglocke, dämpfen. Danach soll das Signal in einfache Bausteine aus (Co-)Sinuskurven mit ganzzahliger Frequenz zerlegt werden. Dieser Prozess erlaubt es uns lokale Messungen des Signals vorzunehmen, sprich die Amplituden der Sinuskurven bzw. der aktiven Frequenzbänder zu extrahieren. Diese Messungen, auch Koeffizienten genannt, können dann an ein Empfangsgerät übertragen werden mit welchem die lokale Information wieder zum ursprünglichen Signal zusammengebaut werden kann. Ein Weg dies mathematisch zu realisieren sind sogenannte Gaborsysteme, benannt nach dem Physik Nobelpreisträger D. Gabor. Dieser untersuchte die genannte Theorie bereits 1946. Solche und ähnliche Systems entsprechen nun dem neuesten Stand der Technik und werden z.B. bei WLAN oder den 4G/5G Standards verwendet (um nur einige zu nennen). Obwohl die Theorie etliche Jahrzehnte alt ist, gibt es immer noch viele ungelöste mathematische Probleme. Eines davon ist die Frage nach der Anzahl der Samples pro Sekunde und wie man die Frequenzbänder am besten aufteilt um eine stabile Übertragung der Koeffizienten zu gewähren und so das Signal auch wieder stabil rekonstruieren zu können. Eines der ersten Resultate in diese Richtung, bekannt bereits in den 1930ern, ist das Samplingtheorem nach Whittaker-Nyquist- Kotelinkov-Shannon (WNKS). Es gibt eine hinreichende Bedingung für die Digitalisierung eines analogen Signals ohne Informationsverlust, unter der Annahme der Bandbeschränktheit. Das bedeutet dass die Koeffizienten von Sinuskurven welche über einer Grenzfrequenz liegen Null sind. Gaborsysteme kommen ohne diese Annahme aus und das WNKS Samplingtheorem kann als Spezialfall betrachtet werden. Ziel des Projekts ist es die mathematische Theorie solcher Samplingtheoreme für bestimmte Gaborsysteme voran zu treiben. Darüber hinaus wird auch der Frage nach optimalen Samplingstrategien für Gaborsysteme nachgegangen. Diese Fragen können in der Regel nicht allgemein beantwortet werden und hängen zum Teil auch von der Situation und dem gewählten System ab. Die allgemeinen, mathematischen Resultate sind zudem oft nur für 1-dimensionale Signale (welche die Messung von Schallwellen, EEG, EKG, etc. umfassen) bekannt und es ist oft unklar ob entsprechende Resultate für 2-, oder 3- (oder höher-) dimensionale Signale gelten. Die Theorie für höher-dimensionale Signale weiter zu entwickeln ist ebenfalls ein Ziel des Projekts. Zuletzt seien noch Beobachtung erwähnt, welche enge Zusammenhänge zwischen Gaborsystemen und Zahlentheorie aufzeigen. Diese weiter zu verfolgen ist von unabhängigem, mathematischem Interesse.

The primary goal of the project was to gain a deeper understanding of the mathematics of signal processing. The overall theme is that we have an analog signal, which we need to sample to obtain a digital signal that can be processed, transmitted, and reconstructed at a receiver. This is highly relevant in wireless communication, and we sought to enhance the mathematical understanding behind methods used, e.g., in 4G and 5G communication. One of the most important and frequently used tools in applied mathematics, engineering, mathematical physics, and many other sciences is the Fourier transform, which sends a signal to its frequency spectrum. In signal processing, a localized version, known as the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), is used. The idea of using samples of the STFT in communication theory can be traced back to a seminal work from 1946 by Nobel laureate Dennis Gabor. In the project, we studied the eponymous Gabor systems and established numerous new results in the field. We could answer a question on optimal sampling strategies that has been open for 20 years. Moreover, we provided intriguing and unexpected insights into the so-called frame set of specific Gabor systems, which is the collection of sampling schemes that allow for stable reconstruction of digitized signals. Our theoretical findings give new results when such reconstruction is possible. The results were unexpected, as previous work had pointed in the opposite direction. We were also able to make significant progress in the area of crystallization from mathematical physics, where the aim is to understand why and when particles tend to form crystal structures. This is due to the mathematical analogy between signal processing and mathematical physics. Of independent interest are the established connections we found between the mathematics of signal processing and the geometry of numbers.

Research institution(s)
  • Universität Wien - 100%
Project participants
  • José Luis Romero, Universität Wien , national collaboration partner
  • Karlheinz Gröchenig, Universität Wien , national collaboration partner
International project participants
  • Joachim Stöckler, Technische Universität Dortmund - Germany
  • Yura Lyubarskii, Norwegian Unisversity of Science and Technology - Norway
  • Franz Luef, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) - Norway
  • Thomas Strohmer, University of California at Davis - USA

Research Output

  • 1 Citations
  • 33 Publications
  • 7 Disseminations
  • 3 Scientific Awards
  • 2 Fundings
Publications
  • 2025
    Title Benedicks-type uncertainty principle for metaplectic time-frequency representations
    DOI 10.1007/s11854-025-0427-7
    Type Journal Article
    Author Gröchenig K
    Journal Journal d'Analyse Mathématique
  • 2025
    Title On the Frame Property of Hermite Functions and Exploration of their Frame Sets
    DOI 10.1007/s00041-025-10153-y
    Type Journal Article
    Author Faulhuber M
    Journal Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications
  • 2025
    Title The AGM of Gauss, Ramanujan's corresponding theory, and spectral bounds of self-adjoint operators
    DOI 10.1007/s00605-024-02051-0
    Type Journal Article
    Author Faulhuber M
    Journal Monatshefte für Mathematik
  • 2025
    Title From completeness of discrete translates to phaseless sampling of the short-time Fourier transform
    DOI 10.1007/s10444-025-10236-w
    Type Journal Article
    Author Grohs P
    Journal Advances in Computational Mathematics
  • 2022
    Title The AGM of Gauss, Ramanujan's corresponding theory, and spectral bounds of self-adjoint operators
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2209.04202
    Type Preprint
    Author Faulhuber M
  • 2025
    Title Gabor systems with Hermite functions of order $$N$$ and oversampling greater than $$N+1$$ which are not frames
    DOI 10.1007/s43670-025-00112-5
    Type Journal Article
    Author Faulhuber M
    Journal Sampling Theory, Signal Processing, and Data Analysis
    Pages 22
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Sampling in the shift-invariant space generated by the bivariate Gaussian function
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfa.2024.110600
    Type Journal Article
    Author Romero J
    Journal Journal of Functional Analysis
    Pages 110600
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Maximal Polarization for Periodic Configurations on the Real Line
    DOI 10.1093/imrn/rnae003
    Type Journal Article
    Author Faulhuber M
    Journal International Mathematics Research Notices
    Pages 7914-7943
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Variable bandwidth via Wilson bases
    DOI 10.1016/j.acha.2024.101641
    Type Journal Article
    Author Andreolli B
    Journal Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis
    Pages 101641
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Sampling theorems with derivatives in shift-invariant spaces generated by periodic exponential B-splines
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2311.08352
    Type Preprint
    Author Gröchenig K
  • 2023
    Title Pseudo-differential calculi and entropy estimates with Orlicz modulation spaces
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2304.09558
    Type Preprint
    Author Gumber A
  • 2023
    Title Gabor frame bound optimizations
    DOI 10.1016/j.acha.2023.101574
    Type Journal Article
    Author Faulhuber M
    Journal Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis
    Pages 101574
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Variable Bandwidth via Wilson bases
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2305.17290
    Type Preprint
    Author Andreolli B
  • 2023
    Title A note on energy minimization in dimension 2
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2306.16266
    Type Preprint
    Author Faulhuber M
  • 2023
    Title Sampling theorems in spaces of variable bandwidth generated via Wilson basis
    DOI 10.1109/sampta59647.2023.10301388
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Andreolli B
    Pages 1-5
  • 2023
    Title Sampling theorems with derivatives in shift-invariant spaces generated by exponential B-splines
    DOI 10.1109/sampta59647.2023.10301409
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Gröchenig K
    Pages 1-5
  • 2023
    Title The metaplectic action on modulation spaces
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2211.08389
    Type Preprint
    Author Führ H
  • 2023
    Title visClust: A visual clustering algorithm based on orthogonal projections
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2211.03894
    Type Preprint
    Author Breger A
  • 2023
    Title Approximation by linear combinations of translates in invariant Banach spaces of tempered distributions via Tauberian conditions
    DOI 10.1016/j.jat.2023.105908
    Type Journal Article
    Author Feichtinger H
    Journal Journal of Approximation Theory
    Pages 105908
  • 2023
    Title Completeness of certain exponential systems and zeros of lacunary polynomials
    DOI 10.1016/j.aim.2023.109016
    Type Journal Article
    Author Kulikov A
    Journal Advances in Mathematics
    Pages 109016
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title visClust: A visual clustering algorithm based on orthogonal projections
    DOI 10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110136
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breger A
    Journal Pattern Recognition
  • 2024
    Title Applied Harmonic Analysis and Data Science
    DOI 10.14760/owr-2024-21
    Type Other
    Author Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title A note on energy minimization in dimension 2
    DOI 10.1090/bproc/247
    Type Journal Article
    Author Faulhuber M
    Journal Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Series B
    Pages 664-679
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Quantum paving: When sphere packings meet Gabor frames
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2408.08975
    Type Preprint
    Author Faulhuber M
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Topics in time-frequency analysis
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Irina Shafkulovska
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Discrete extremal problems in low dimensions
    Type Postdoctoral Thesis
    Author Markus Faulhuber
  • 2023
    Title Gabor frame bound optimizations
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2204.02917
    Type Preprint
    Author Faulhuber M
  • 2023
    Title Maximal theta functions universal optimality of the hexagonal lattice for Madelung-like lattice energies
    DOI 10.1007/s11854-022-0254-z
    Type Journal Article
    Author Bétermin L
    Journal Journal d'Analyse Mathématique
    Pages 307-341
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Construction of pairwise orthogonal Parseval frames generated by filters on LCA groups
    DOI 10.1016/j.acha.2024.101708
    Type Journal Article
    Author Redhu N
    Journal Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis
    Pages 101708
  • 2025
    Title From completeness of discrete translates to phaseless sampling of the short-time Fourier transform
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2211.05687
    Type Preprint
    Author Grohs P
  • 2025
    Title Stability of shifts, interpolation, and spectrum of atomic measures
    DOI 10.1112/jlms.70267
    Type Journal Article
    Author Ulanovskii A
    Journal Journal of the London Mathematical Society
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Operator-isomorphism pairs and Zak transform methods for the study of Gabor systems
    DOI 10.1109/sampta64769.2025.11133554
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Faulhuber M
    Pages 1-5
  • 2024
    Title Maximal polarization for periodic configurations on the real line
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2305.01532
    Type Preprint
    Author Faulhuber M
  • 2024
    Title Sampling in the shift-invariant space generated by the bivariate Gaussian function
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2306.13619
    Type Preprint
    Author Romero J
  • 2024
    Title Sampling in spaces of variable bandwidth
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Beatrice Andreolli
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title The metaplectic action on modulation spaces
    DOI 10.1016/j.acha.2023.101604
    Type Journal Article
    Author Führ H
    Journal Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis
    Pages 101604
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Pseudo-differential calculi and entropy estimates with Orlicz modulation spaces
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfa.2023.110225
    Type Journal Article
    Author Gumber A
    Journal Journal of Functional Analysis
    Pages 110225
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Gabor Frame Bound Optimizations
    DOI 10.2139/ssrn.4109420
    Type Preprint
    Author Faulhuber M
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Applied Harmonic Analysis and Data Science (hybrid meeting)
    DOI 10.14760/owr-2021-55
    Type Other
    Author Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title A variational principle for Gaussian lattice sums
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2110.06008
    Type Preprint
    Author Bétermin L
    Link Publication
Disseminations
  • 2021 Link
    Title Conference on Quantum Harmonic Analysis and Applications to Operator Theory
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title 1W-MINDS - One World Mathematics of INformation, Data, and Signals
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Conference Applied Harmonic Analysis and Friends
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
  • 2021 Link
    Title DAGA 2021 - 47. Jahrestagung für Akustik
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
  • 2021 Link
    Title Oberwolfach workshop Applied Harmonic Analysis and Data Science
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
  • 2025 Link
    Title Organization of the Workshop "Quantum Harmonic Analysis"
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title MCQMC 2022 - 15th International Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
Scientific Awards
  • 2024
    Title Best Poster Award (Conference on More on Harmonic Analysis)
    Type Poster/abstract prize
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2024
    Title Workshop on Applied Matrix Positivity II
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2021
    Title Oberwolfach Workshop Harmonic Analysis and Data Science 2021
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
Fundings
  • 2024
    Title Hermite Multiplier, Convolutions and Time-Frequency Analysis
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    Start of Funding 2024
    Funder Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  • 2025
    Title Packing, Covering and Time-Frequency Analysis
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    Start of Funding 2025
    Funder Austrian Science Fund (FWF)

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