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Single-Cavity Dual-Comb Laser

Single-Cavity Dual-Comb Laser

Oliver Heckl (ORCID: 0000-0003-2879-1564)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P33680
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start August 15, 2020
  • End January 14, 2025
  • Funding amount € 404,125

Disciplines

Chemistry (30%); Physics, Astronomy (70%)

Keywords

    Dual-Comb, Dual-Color, Mid-Ir, Spectroscopy, Ultrafast Lasers

Abstract Final report

Absorption spectroscopy enables the non-destructive determination of gas composition or the detection of molecules. For this purpose, one exposes the sample to broadband light and observes which colors of the incident light are absorbed. This specific absorption fingerprint enables us to draw conclusions about the gases present or their molecular structure. The methodology described above has long been established in many scientific disciplines and works very well in laboratory operations in situations when a low resolution is sufficient. With complex gas mixtures, e.g., consisting of many different gasses, in addition to trace gases in small concentrations, this approach reaches its limits due to low color discrimination (resolution). Besides, conventional devices are relatively complex and bulky. The invention of the optical frequency comb made it possible to increase the resolution of spectroscopic measurements drastically. However, measuring devices based on this new technology have become more complex and either require sophisticated control loops to stabilize the light generated or continue to incorporate a bulky spectrometer. In this project, we are researching a new approach in which two optical frequency combs are generated in one laser. These two frequency combs are stable relative to each other since they come from the same source. If you now use both frequency combs to generate a difference signal, this signal is stable enough for absorption spectroscopy applications even without control loops. Another advantage of this detection method known as "dual-comb" spectroscopy is that the required signal is measured with a simple light sensor. A bulky detector is no longer necessary to determine the composition of complex gases in high resolution. With this project, we lay the foundations for simple high-resolution spectroscopy and investigate the potential of the new spectrometer method in the open field outside of a dedicated laboratory environment. Possible areas of application for this spectrometer are e.g., the measurement of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere or the monitoring of contamination in industrial production processes.

Optische Frequenzkämme - ultrapräzise Laserquellen, die ein Spektrum gleichmäßig verteilter Linien erzeugen - haben die Messung von Zeit, Raum und Materie revolutioniert. In diesem Projekt stand die Weiterentwicklung der Dual-Kamm-Technologie im Mittelpunkt: einer leistungsstarken Methode, die hochauflösende, schnelle Spektroskopie ohne bewegliche Teile ermöglicht. Unser übergeordnetes Ziel war die Entwicklung kompakter, rauscharmer Lasersysteme, die als zuverlässige Plattformen für Anwendungen außerhalb des Labors dienen können. Ursprünglich verfolgten wir einen auf Yb:Fasern basierenden Dual-Kamm-Ansatz, stießen dabei jedoch auf Herausforderungen hinsichtlich Rauschverhalten und Stabilität. Daher wichen wir strategisch auf einen Er:Faser-basierten Single-Cavity-Dual-Comb (SC-DC) Laser mit Polarisationsmultiplexing aus. Diese Architektur erwies sich als wegweisend: Sie ermöglichte gegenseitige Kohärenz ohne aktive Stabilisierung, zeigte hervorragende Langzeitstabilität und basierte vollständig auf handelsüblichen Komponenten. Der Höhepunkt unserer Arbeiten war der Nachweis freilaufender Dual-Kamm-Spektroskopie von Kohlenmonoxid - ein zentrales Ergebnis, veröffentlicht im Journal of Physics: Photonics [1]. Das System arbeitet mit einer Wiederholrate von ~75 MHz und bietet abstimmbare Differenzfrequenzen bis 200 kHz. Es erlaubt Messraten, die mit Echtzeit-Anwendungen vereinbar sind. Die Möglichkeit zur Abstimmung der Wiederholraten-Differenz erlaubt eine flexible Anpassung an verschiedene Anwendungsszenarien, während das überlappende Spektrum zusätzliche Spektralverbreiterung überflüssig macht. Wir untersuchten auch, wie sich das Rauschen in faserbasierten Lasern durch gezielte Optimierung intrakavitätärer Parameter passiv reduzieren lässt. Dabei konnten wir zeigen, dass das Amplitudenrauschen von modegelockten Lasern auf Basis nichtlinearer NALM-Strukturen durch feine Justierung interner Wellenplatten um mehr als 50% gesenkt werden kann. Diese Erkenntnis, veröffentlicht in Optics Express [2], eröffnet neue Wege zur Leistungsoptimierung ohne zusätzliche Hardware. In einer komplementären Studie, erschienen in Optics Letters [3], zeigten wir, wie sich der eindeutige Messbereich von Dual-Kamm-basierten Distanzmessungen signifikant erweitern lässt - bis auf Hunderte Kilometer, mit einfachen, kompakten Aufbauten. Dies stellt einen wichtigen Schritt zur breiteren Nutzung von Dual-Kamm-Technologie in Messtechnik und Sensorik dar. Auch wenn die Erweiterung in den mittleren Infrarotbereich (DFG) noch in Arbeit ist, bietet das entwickelte Lasersystem eine stabile und rauscharme Grundlage für diesen nächsten Schritt. Die erzielte Performance im nahen Infrarot stellt bereits einen Meilenstein auf dem Weg zu kompakten, zuverlässigen Dual-Kamm-Systemen dar. Mit diesem Fundament sind wir bestens positioniert, um künftig breitbandige Mid-IR-Spektroskopie voranzutreiben - mit vielversprechenden Anwendungen in Umweltanalytik, industrieller Qualitätskontrolle und Präzisionsmesstechnik. Wichtige Veröffentlichungen: [1] P.E. Collin Aldia et al., J. Phys. Photonics 6, 045017 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad819f [2] V. F. Pecile et al., Opt. Express 31, 36824 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.501997 [3] J. Fellinger et al., Opt. Lett. 46, 3677 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.427816

Research institution(s)
  • Universität Wien - 100%
International project participants
  • Ingmar Hartl, DESY - Germany
  • Grzegorz Sobon, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology - Poland
  • Thomas Südmeyer, Universite de Neuchatel - Switzerland

Research Output

  • 204 Citations
  • 11 Publications
  • 2 Patents
  • 5 Datasets & models
  • 5 Scientific Awards
  • 2 Fundings
Publications
  • 2023
    Title Amplitude noise suppression in Yb:doped NALM laser oscillators based on saturable absorber settings
    DOI 10.1364/opticaopen.22717846.v1
    Type Preprint
    Author Mayer A
  • 2024
    Title Spectrally tunable phase-biased NALM mode-locked Yb:fiber laser with nJ-level pulse energy
    DOI 10.1088/2515-7647/ad3d1b
    Type Journal Article
    Author Adnan S
    Journal Journal of Physics: Photonics
  • 2024
    Title Detection of carbon monoxide using a polarization-multiplexed erbium dual-comb fiber laser
    DOI 10.1088/2515-7647/ad819f
    Type Journal Article
    Author Chen J
    Journal Journal of Physics: Photonics
  • 2024
    Title A short guide to recent developments in laser-based gas phase spectroscopy, applications, and tools
    DOI 10.1063/5.0167683
    Type Journal Article
    Author Heckl O
    Journal APL Photonics
  • 2023
    Title Amplitude noise suppression in Yb:doped NALM oscillators utilizing saturable absorber settings.
    DOI 10.1364/oe.501997
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mayer As
    Journal Optics express
    Pages 36824-36835
  • 2021
    Title Compact, All-PM Fiber Integrated and Alignment-Free Ultrafast Yb:Fiber NALM Laser With Sub-Femtosecond Timing Jitter
    DOI 10.1109/jlt.2021.3070208
    Type Journal Article
    Author Ma Y
    Journal Journal of Lightwave Technology
    Pages 4431-4438
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Spectrally tunable high-power Yb:fiber chirped-pulse amplifier
    DOI 10.1364/prj.465883
    Type Journal Article
    Author Shumakova V
    Journal Photonics Research
    Pages 2309
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Simple approach for extending the ambiguity-free range of dual-comb ranging.
    DOI 10.1364/ol.427816
    Type Journal Article
    Author Fellinger J
    Journal Optics letters
    Pages 3677-3680
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Comparison of two low-noise CEO frequency stabilization methods for an all-PM Yb:fiber NALM oscillator
    DOI 10.1364/osac.424340
    Type Journal Article
    Author Salman S
    Journal OSA Continuum
    Pages 1889
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Flexible all-PM NALM Yb:fiber laser design for frequency comb applications: operation regimes and their noise properties.
    DOI 10.1364/oe.394543
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mayer A
    Journal Optics express
    Pages 18946-18968
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Versatile and robust Yb:fiber lasers for single and dual- comb applications
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Jakob Fellinger
Patents
  • 2022 Patent Id: WO2022194386
    Title METHOD AND SPECTROSCOPIC MEASURING APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF A SAMPLE
    Type Patent / Patent application
    patentId WO2022194386
    Website Link
  • 2022 Patent Id: US2022316855
    Title DUAL-COMB RANGING WITH LONG AMBIGUITY-FREE RANGE
    Type Patent / Patent application
    patentId US2022316855
    Website Link
Datasets & models
  • 2024 Link
    Title CO Absorption Data
    Type Database/Collection of data
    Public Access
    Link Link
  • 2023 Link
    Title Amplitude noise suppression in Yb:doped NALM oscillators utilizing saturable absorber settings
    Type Database/Collection of data
    Public Access
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Spectrally tunable high-power Yb:fiber chirped-pulse amplifier
    Type Database/Collection of data
    Public Access
    Link Link
  • 2021 Link
    Title Ranging Data
    Type Database/Collection of data
    Public Access
    Link Link
  • 2020 Link
    Title Flexible all-PM NALM Yb:fiber laser design for frequency comb applications: operation regimes and their noise properties
    Type Database/Collection of data
    Public Access
    Link Link
Scientific Awards
  • 2025
    Title High Power Low Noise Mid-IR Frequency Combs
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2023
    Title 1-year research visit Jiayang Chen, a PhD student from Tsinghua University in China
    Type Attracted visiting staff or user to your research group
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2023
    Title Single-Cavity Dual-Comb for Spectroscopy and Ranging Applications
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition National (any country)
  • 2022
    Title Single-cavity Dual-comb for Spectroscopy and Ranging Applications
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
  • 2020
    Title Flexible all-PM NALM Yb:fiber lLser Design for Low-noise Frequency Comb Applications and Single-cavity Dual-comb Generation
    Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference
    Level of Recognition Continental/International
Fundings
  • 2024
    Title Research Support
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    Start of Funding 2024
    Funder Thorlabs
  • 2024
    Title Mid-IR Optical Frequency Comb
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    Start of Funding 2024
    Funder Austrian Science Fund (FWF)

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