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Classical string backgrounds with cosmological constant

Anton Rebhan (ORCID: 0000-0001-6836-2401)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P34562
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status Ended
  • Start July 1, 2021
  • End February 28, 2026
  • Funding amount € 345,933

Disciplines

Physics, Astronomy (100%)

Keywords

  • String phenomenology,
  • Classical De Sitter Solutions,
  • Classical Anti-De Sitter Solutions,
  • Swampland,
  • Inflation,
  • Intersecting Branes
Abstract Final report

Since almost a century, we know that our universe is expanding, meaning growing. At the end of the 20th century, a major discovery was made and later celebrated with a Nobel Prize: the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating, i.e. it grows faster and faster! While this is what we observe today, some cosmological models, named inflation models, suggest that our universe has also been through such a phase of accelerated expansion in its early times. This acceleration would then have stopped at some point, and restarted more recently. To explain this acceleration, theoretical models propose the existence of a mysterious dark energy, whose nature is unknown. The dark energy in our current universe seems very compatible with a (positive) cosmological constant, namely a vacuum energy in the universe. The same could be true to some extent for inflation in the early universe. The reason and nature of this cosmological constant is nevertheless not at all understood. In this project, we want to use string theory to understand the nature of dark energy. String theory is a serious candidate to be a fundamental theory describing our world. In particular, it allows to unify all known forces (electromagnetism, nuclear interactions, gravity) in one formalism. It is natural to expect that a fundamental theory would explain the nature of dark energy. With that aim in mind, part of the project consists in looking for solutions of string theory that describe a universe in accelerated expansion as ours. More precisely, we look for a universe with a positive cosmological constant, called a de Sitter spacetime. If we find some, we could then question the string theory origin of this cosmological constant. However, it turns out to be extremely difficult to find solutions with such a universe in string theory! Rather, one obtains universes with a negative cosmological constant, corresponding to a contraction phase instead of an expansion: those are called anti-de Sitter spacetimes. No cosmological constant at all is also possible, but a positive one, as for our universe, is difficult to find! Recently, conjectures have even been put forward (in the so-called swampland program) to claim that a de Sitter spacetime cannot be obtained in string theory, at least under some conditions! But difficult does not necessarily mean impossible. Part of this project consists in looking for solutions of string theory with a de Sitter spacetime, using advanced numerical tools. If we find some, we further want to use them in cosmological models to describe our universe today, or in an early inflation phase. We also want to understand mathematically why finding such solutions is so difficult, thus possibly proving under some conditions the swampland conjectures. Another part of the project consists in studying solutions with an anti-de Sitter spacetime: their similarities with de Sitter ones still make them interesting to understand properties of all these solutions.

In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde beobachtet, dass sich unser Universum nicht nur ausdehnt, sondern dass sich diese Ausdehnung sogar beschleunigt. Die Komponente, die für diese überraschende Beschleunigung verantwortlich ist, wird als Dunkle Energie bezeichnet. Ihre Natur ist bislang nicht verstanden: Sie entspricht weder gewöhnlicher Materie noch Strahlung. In diesem Projekt haben wir die Möglichkeiten untersucht, mithilfe der Stringtheorie als Kandidatin für eine fundamentale Theorie der Natur ein Universum mit Dunkler Energie zu modellieren und damit eine Erklärung für diese zu liefern. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Stringtheorie ist, dass sie sechs zusätzliche Raumdimensionen enthält, die wir als klein und kompakt annehmen. Diese haben einen wichtigen Einfluss auf die Physik unseres vierdimensionalen Universums (mit drei Raum- und einer Zeitdimension). Insbesondere könnten diese zusätzlichen Dimensionen genau der Ursprung der beobachteten Dunklen Energie sein. In diesem Rahmen wurde das Projekt durchgeführt. Ein erster Satz von Ergebnissen wurde erzielt, indem angenommen wurde, dass die zusätzlichen Dimensionen eine sogenannte Gruppenmannigfaltigkeit bilden. In diesem Zusammenhang haben wir alle möglichen Szenarien klassifiziert, in denen de-Sitter-Lösungen gefunden werden können: Diese entsprechen Universen mit konstanter beschleunigter Expansion, ähnlich unserem eigenen. Dabei wird die Dunkle Energie durch das realisiert, was als kosmologische Konstante bekannt ist. Mithilfe numerischer Untersuchungen fanden wir neue Lösungen dieser Art und analysierten ihre Eigenschaften sowie mögliche Einschränkungen dieser Lösungen. Zweitens erarbeiteten wir allgemeine Bedingungen und Einschränkungen für die Existenz kosmologischer Modelle mit Dunkler Energie im Rahmen der Stringtheorie. Wir fanden, dass dies insbesondere in einem Universum mit mehr als vier Dimensionen besonders schwierig zu sein scheint. Dieser Punkt könnte helfen zu verstehen, warum unser Universum genau vier Dimensionen besitzt. Schließlich führten wir verschiedene formale Untersuchungen zu vierdimensionalen Modellen durch, die solche de-Sitter-Lösungen zulassen könnten. Diese Studien sind notwendig, um die physikalischen Phänomene zu verstehen, die in Universen wie dem unseren auftreten können. Außerdem kommentierten wir den Zusammenhang mit den neuesten kosmologischen Beobachtungen der Dunklen Energie, die derzeit genau die Hypothese einer konstanten Beschleunigungsrate testen und untersuchen, ob stattdessen stärker zeitabhängige Modelle der Dunklen Energie berücksichtigt werden sollten. Unsere Arbeit ist in diesem Zusammenhang nützlich, da wir wichtige Einschränkungen für die erstgenannte Möglichkeit aufgezeigt haben, wenn diese auf einer fundamentalen Theorie wie der Stringtheorie basiert.

Research institution(s)
  • Technische Universität Wien - 100%

Research Output

  • 42 Citations
  • 16 Publications
  • 1 Fundings
Publications
  • 2026
    Title Carroll symmetries in field theory and gravity
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Florian Ecker
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Negative scalar potentials and the swampland: an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2212.04517
    Type Other
    Author Andriot D
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title (Quasi-) de Sitter solutions across dimensions and the TCC bound
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2208.14462
    Type Other
    Author Andriot D
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Exploring the landscape of (anti-) de Sitter and Minkowski solutions: group manifolds, stability and scale separation
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2204.05327
    Type Other
    Author Andriot D
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title A note on O6 intersections in AdS flux vacua
    DOI 10.1007/jhep02(2024)126
    Type Journal Article
    Author Junghans D
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
    Pages 126
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Scalar potentials from string theory and (anti-) de Sitter critical points
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Ludwig Sebastian Horer
    Link Publication
  • 2024
    Title Almost classical de Sitter?
    DOI 10.1007/jhep09(2024)038
    Type Journal Article
    Author Horer L
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
    Pages 38
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Stückelberg path to pure de Sitter supergravity
    DOI 10.1103/physrevd.111.125004
    Type Journal Article
    Author Bansal S
    Journal Physical Review D
    Pages 125004
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Charting the landscape of (anti-) de Sitter and Minkowski solutions of 10d supergravities
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2201.04152
    Type Preprint
    Author Andriot D
  • 2022
    Title Charting the landscape of (anti-) de Sitter and Minkowski solutions of 10d supergravities
    DOI 10.1007/jhep06(2022)131
    Type Journal Article
    Author Andriot D
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
    Pages 131
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Exploring the landscape of (anti-) de Sitter and Minkowski solutions: group manifolds, stability and scale separation
    DOI 10.1007/jhep08(2022)109
    Type Journal Article
    Author Andriot D
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
  • 2023
    Title A note on O6 intersections in AdS flux vacua
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2310.17695
    Type Preprint
    Author Junghans D
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title de Sitter-eating O-planes in supercritical string theory
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2308.00026
    Type Preprint
    Author Junghans D
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Negative scalar potentials and the swampland: an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture
    DOI 10.1007/jhep04(2023)139
    Type Journal Article
    Author Andriot D
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
  • 2023
    Title (Quasi-) de Sitter solutions across dimensions and the TCC bound
    DOI 10.1007/jhep01(2023)020
    Type Journal Article
    Author Andriot D
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
  • 2023
    Title de Sitter-eating O-planes in supercritical string theory
    DOI 10.1007/jhep12(2023)196
    Type Journal Article
    Author Junghans D
    Journal Journal of High Energy Physics
    Pages 196
    Link Publication
Fundings
  • 2022
    Title Travel allowance
    Type Travel/small personal
    Start of Funding 2022
    Funder National Center for Scientific Research (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS)

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