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Comple xorganoid cultures as preclinical models for CRC

Helmut Dolznig (ORCID: 0000-0002-6063-3585)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/PAT1882625
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status Ongoing
  • Start April 1, 2026
  • End March 31, 2029
  • Funding amount € 445,647

Disciplines

Biology (35%); Computer Sciences (20%); Clinical Medicine (10%); Medical-Theoretical Sciences, Pharmacy (35%)

Keywords

  • Colorectal Cancer,
  • Tumor Microenvironment,
  • Cancer Associated Fibroblasts,
  • Immune Cells,
  • Organoid,
  • Targeted Therapy
Abstract

To test new cancer treatments, researchers often grow human tumors in mice. While this has been very useful, it is slow, expensive, and requires many animals. These models also do not fully reflect how tumors behave in the human body. More recently, scientists have learned how to grow small, three-dimensional mini-tumors (called organoids) from patient cancer cells in the lab. These organoids look and behave like real tumors in many ways and can help predict how some treatments will work. However, they are still missing an important part of real tumors: the surrounding support cells, blood vessels, and immune cells, together known as the tumor microenvironment. This environment strongly influences how cancers grow and how well treatments work. We have developed a new lab model for colorectal cancer that combines patient-derived tumor organoids with key support cells, including fibroblasts, blood vessel cells, and immune cells. This creates a more realistic mini-tumor ecosystem. In this setup, the tumor cells behave more like real patient tumors in terms of structure, cell diversity, and development. This new system better reflects what happens inside the human body. We believe that fibroblasts (a type of support cell in tumors) change their behavior depending on how they interact with cancer cells, immune cells, and blood vessel cells. Different types of fibroblasts can either slow down or speed up cancer growth and can affect how well treatments work. Specifically, we want to: understand how different fibroblast types are formed through interactions with tumor and other surrounding cells; study how these fibroblast types influence immune responses, blood vessel formation, and tumor growth; test how these complex mini- tumors respond to standard chemotherapy and 90 targeted drugs; examine how individual cells change during treatment using advanced single-cell analysis. Ultimately, we want to show that these patient-derived mini-tumor systems can be used to choose better treatments for individual patients and reduce the need for animal experiments. We will grow mini-tumors using cells taken from the same patient, including cancer cells, fibroblasts, blood vessel cells, and immune cells. These models will be tested in small-scale lab formats that allow many drugs to be studied at once. We will measure tumor growth, survival, and cell death using established laboratory methods. Advanced imaging, cell analysis, and genetic techniques will be used to track how different cell types behave and interact. Single-cell sequencing will help us understand changes in individual cells in great detail. This project is led by Helmut Dolznig from the the Medical University of Vienna, involving experts in molecular- and cell-biology, surgery, pathology, bioinformatics and data analysis working together as a collaborative team. Zusammenfassung fĂŒr Laien Warum diese Forschung wichtig ist Um neue Krebstherapien zu testen, zĂŒchten Forscher hĂ€ufig menschliche Tumore in MĂ€usen. Dies ist zwar sehr nĂŒtzlich, aber langsam, teuer und erfordert viele Tiere. Zudem bilden diese Modelle das Verhalten von Tumoren im menschlichen Körper nicht vollstĂ€ndig ab. In jĂŒngster Zeit ist es Wissenschaftlern gelungen, kleine, dreidimensionale Mini-Tumoren (sogenannte Organoide) aus Krebszellen von Patienten im Labor zu zĂŒchten. Diese Organoide Ă€hneln echten Tumoren in vielerlei Hinsicht und können helfen, die Wirksamkeit bestimmter Therapien vorherzusagen. Allerdings fehlt ihnen noch ein wichtiger Bestandteil echter Tumore: die umgebenden StĂŒtzzellen, BlutgefĂ€ĂŸe und Immunzellen, die zusammen als Tumormikroumgebung bezeichnet werden. Diese Umgebung beeinflusst maßgeblich das Tumorwachstum und den Erfolg von Therapien. Was ist neu und innovativ? Wir haben ein neues Labormodell fĂŒr Darmkrebs entwickelt, das aus Patienten gewonnene Tumororganoide mit wichtigen StĂŒtzzellen wie Bindegewebszellen (Fibroblasten), BlutgefĂ€ĂŸzellen und Immunzellen kombiniert. Dadurch entsteht ein realistischeres Mini-Tumor-Ökosystem. In diesem Versuchsaufbau verhalten sich die Tumorzellen hinsichtlich Struktur, ZelldiversitĂ€t und Entwicklung Ă€hnlich wie echte Patiententumoren. Dieses neue System bildet die VorgĂ€nge im menschlichen Körper besser ab. Forschungsziele und zentrale Fragestellungen Wir gehen davon aus, dass Fibroblasten (eine Art StĂŒtzzellen in Tumoren) ihr Verhalten in AbhĂ€ngigkeit von ihrer Interaktion mit Krebszellen, Immunzellen und BlutgefĂ€ĂŸzellen verĂ€ndern. Verschiedene Fibroblastentypen können das Krebswachstum entweder verlangsamen oder beschleunigen und die Wirksamkeit von Behandlungen beeinflussen. Konkret möchten wir: verstehen, wie verschiedene Fibroblastentypen durch Interaktionen mit Tumorzellen und anderen umgebenden Zellen entstehen untersuchen, wie diese Fibroblastentypen Immunreaktionen, die Bildung von BlutgefĂ€ĂŸen und das Tumorwachstum beeinflussen testen, wie diese komplexen Mini-Tumoren auf Standardchemotherapie und 90 zielgerichtete Medikamente reagieren untersuchen, wie sich einzelne Zellen wĂ€hrend der Behandlung mithilfe fortschrittlicher Einzelzellanalysen verĂ€ndern Letztendlich möchten wir zeigen, dass diese patienteneigenen Mini-Tumorsysteme dazu beitragen können, bessere Behandlungen fĂŒr einzelne Patienten auszuwĂ€hlen und die Notwendigkeit von Tierversuchen zu reduzieren. Wie das Projekt durchgefĂŒhrt wird Wir zĂŒchten Mini-Tumoren aus Zellen desselben Patienten, darunter Krebszellen, Fibroblasten, BlutgefĂ€ĂŸzellen und Immunzellen. Diese Modelle werden in kleinen LabormaßstĂ€ben getestet, die es ermöglichen, viele Medikamente gleichzeitig zu untersuchen. Wir messen Tumorwachstum, Überleben und Zelltod mithilfe etablierter Labormethoden. Moderne Bildgebungsverfahren, Zellanalysen und genetische Techniken werden eingesetzt, um das Verhalten und die Interaktionen verschiedener Zelltypen zu verfolgen. Einzelzellsequenzierung hilft uns, VerĂ€nderungen in einzelnen Zellen detailliert zu verstehen. Wer ist beteiligt? Dieses Projekt wird von Helmut Dolznig von der Medizinischen UniversitĂ€t Wien geleitet. Experten aus Molekular- und Zellbiologie, Chirurgie, Pathologie, Bioinformatik und Datenanalyse arbeiten in einem interdisziplinĂ€ren Team zusammen.

Research institution(s)
  • Medizinische UniversitĂ€t Wien - 100%
Project participants
  • Matthias Farlik-Födinger, Medizinische UniversitĂ€t Wien , national collaboration partner
  • Michael Bergmann, Medizinische UniversitĂ€t Wien , national collaboration partner

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