Uncovering Vaccine Immune Response Dynamics in Obesity

Obesity is a widespread and complex health issue affecting millions worldwide. It is linked to an increased risk of severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, posing significant challenges to public health systems globally. Beyond these risks, emerging evidence indicates that obesity weakens the immune system, reducing its ability to respond effectively to vaccines. This reduced effectiveness is particularly concerning, given vaccines` critical role in preventing infectious diseases. Our preliminary research suggests that obesity disrupts immune responses through impaired antibody production. To investigate the mechanisms behind this, we will compare vaccine responses in lean and obese animal models using advanced technologies. Real-time 4D whole- body PET imaging will provide unparalleled insights into immune cell activity across different compartments. At the same time, Imaging Mass Cytometry will map the immune cell landscape, identifying obesity-related factors like leptin resistance that could compromise immune function. Our team from the Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine of the Medical University of Vienna (MUW), led by Dr. Aleksandra Inic-Kanada, is working in collaboration with Dr. Cécile Philippe from the Department of Nuclear Medicine, MUW, and Dr. Barbara Maier from the Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM). Together, we aim to identify the underlying factors that reduce vaccine efficacy in obesity and develop targeted strategies to improve vaccine outcomes for this vulnerable population. By addressing these challenges, our research seeks to enhance public health strategies and promote health equity for millions worldwide.