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Biodiversity: Barrier for Antibiotic Resistance (ANTIVERSA)

Biodiversity: Barrier for Antibiotic Resistance (ANTIVERSA)

Markus Wögerbauer (ORCID: 0000-0002-5913-7453)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/I4374
  • Funding program International - Multilateral Initiatives
  • Status ended
  • Start March 1, 2020
  • End August 31, 2023
  • Funding amount € 265,231
  • Project website

Disciplines

Biology (95%); Geosciences (5%)

Keywords

    Biodiversity, Ecological Barrier, Emerging Contaminants, Soil, Waste Water, Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract Final report

Antibiotikaresistenzen (AR) stellen eine akute Bedrohung für die Gesundheit der Weltbevölkerung dar. Ohne Eindämmung der Ausbereitung von Resistenzen werden bis zum Jahr 2050 jährlich 10 Millionen Todesfälle prognostiziert, die direkt oder indirekt auf AR zurückzuführen sind. Koordinierte Gegenmaßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der gegenwärtig kursierenden Antibiotikaresistenzgen-Seuche auf nationaler sowie internationaler Ebene sind daher unabdingbar. Antibiotikaresistenzen können über Umweltquellen (z.B. Böden, Oberflächengewässer, Abwässer) verbreitet und über die Lebens- und Futtermittelkette wieder in human- oder tierpathogene Bakterien eingebracht werden. Diese Ausbreitung von Antibiotikaresistenzen über Ökosystemgrenzen hinweg sollte verhindert oder massiv reduziert werden. Im vorliegenden Projekt wird überprüft, ob eine gesunde natürliche Umwelt mit einer hohen Vielfalt an unterschiedlichen Bakterien-, Pilz-, Tier- und Pflanzenarten (= hohe Biodiversität) eine Ausbreitungsbarriere für Antibiotikaresistenzen darstellt. Stark anthropogen exponierte Ökosysteme wie z.B. intensiv genutzte landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen (= Ackerböden mit niedriger Biodiversität) werden diesbezüglich mit natürlichen Ökosystemen und einer hohen Biodiversität (z.B. Waldböden, Naturschutzgebiete) auf ihre Widerstandskraft gegen die Einbringung, Verbreitung und Amplifikation von Antibiotikaresistenzen verglichen. Zu diesem Zweck werden entsprechende Bodenproben ins Labor verfrachtet und unter kontrollierten Bedingungen mit verschiedenen Agentien bearbeitet und mit unterschiedlichen klimatischen Bedingungen exponiert, die Auskunft darüber geben sollen, unter welchen Bedingungen ein Transfer von Antibiotikaresistenzgenen und oder deren Träger besonders leicht stattfinden oder eben verhindert werden kann. Hypothesen: Wir gehen davon aus, dass Häufigkeit und Vielfalt von Antibiotikaresistenzgenen und resistenten Bakterien invers mit der im Ökosystem anzutreffenden Biodiversität korreliert. Ein gesundes, hochbiodiverses Ökosystem sollte demnach eine Barrierefunktion gegen die Invasion von ARB und ARGs darstellen. Methoden: Zur Abklärung der Fragestellung werden folgende Methoden herangezogen: Für die Bestimmung der Biodiversität der untersuchten Boden- und Wasserproben werden vor allem molekulargenetische Techniken herangezogen. Die vorhandenen Bakterien-, Pilz- und Kleintierarten werden mittels Sequenzierung der 16S rRNA Gene mit neuen Verfahren (=Next Generation Sequencing) erfasst. Es kommen aber visuelle und mikroskopische Ansätze zur Anwendung. Antibiotikaresistenzgene werden mittels quantitativer real time PCR erfasst. Die Überwindung von Ökosystemgrenzen wird mittels markierten Krankheitserregern im geschlossenen Labor- und Glashaussystem überprüft Neuigkeitswert: Die Rolle, die die Biodiversität bei der Ausbreitung von Antibiotikaresistenzen spielt, ist zurzeit unklar. Angesichts der Umwälzungen im globalen Klima und der gegenwärtigen Antibiotikaresistenzkrise ist es jedoch von höchstem Interesse Mittel und Wege zu finden, um Risikomanagern Hilfestellung geben zu können, damit evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Ausbreitung von Antibiotikaresistenzen via Umweltquellen gesetzt werden können. Dies wäre ein wesentlicher Fortschritt beim Schutz von Mensch, Tier und Pflanze gegen Infektionskrankheiten ausgelöst durch resistente Erreger.

ANTIVERSA (I 4374-B): Biodiversity as an ecological barrier for the spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in the environment Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important threats for individual and Public Health worldwide. Reducing the dissemination of AMR over ecosystem boundaries is a key element in the arsenal of tools to curb the burden of disease promoted by antibiotic-resistant infections. ANTIVERSA evaluated whether high microbial diversity in soil and water ecosystems may act as an ecological barrier to the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and how resource inputs (manure amendment, WWTP effluent) and climate change factors (heat stress) interact with the invasion process. The microbial biodiversity of various soil types and surface water habitats was analyzed and the naturally occurring ARG concentrations in these ecosystems were quantified. In soils, higher biodiversity was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of most tested ARGs (>85%), and the concentration of the detected ARGs per sample was inversely correlated with biodiversity indicating a barrier. Such effects were not observed in rivers, which are naturally more dynamic and regularly mixed. Soil microcosms from anthropogenically impacted (manured and non-manured agricultural fields) and non-impacted sites (forest soils) with microbial communities of high and low biodiversity and water microcosms with the same attributes were generated. AMR invasion was monitored by spiking these microcosms with ARB carrying plasmid encoded ARGs. Native soils with an intact biodiversity promoted a remarkable decrease in abundance of the spiked strains and plasmids by a factor of 1,000-10,000. No horizontal transfer of the donor plasmid was observed over a period of seven months. In low biodiversity soils no decrease of the spike strains was observed. Additional soil and water microcosm experiments confirmed that anthropogenic stressors (manuring, wastewater) or global change factors (heat) affect the diversity of an environment resulting in a disruption of this AMR barrier effect. As AMR is a global problem international co-operation is necessary. The ANTIVERSA consortium consisted of eight partners from seven European countries (AT, CH, DE, FR, IRL, PL, RO), which facilitated a pan-European comparison of the results. The Austrian contributions to the project were provided by working groups from AGES and the TU Wien. We could clearly demonstrate that microbial diversity does indeed serve as a barrier to the environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance. Maintaining highly diverse microbial ecosystems is essential for reducing environmental AMR spread and is decreasing the risk of AMR dissemination to humans and animals. The obtained results facilitate risk assessment of AMR in environmental compartments and contribute to the development of evidence-based measures to mitigate AMR dissemination in the environment for the protection of human, animal, and plant health.

Research institution(s)
  • AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit - 63%
  • Technische Universität Wien - 37%
Project participants
  • Julia Vierheilig, Technische Universität Wien , associated research partner
  • Norbert Kreuzinger, Technische Universität Wien , associated research partner
International project participants
  • Christophe Merlin, Université de Lorraine - France
  • Volker Kühn, Stadtentwaesserung Dresden - Germany
  • Thomas Berendonk, Technische Universität Dresden - Germany
  • Fiona Walsh, Maynooth University - Ireland
  • Magdalena Popowska, University of Warsaw - Poland
  • Cristian Coman, Institute of Biological Research Cluj - Romania
  • Helmut Bürgmann, EAWAG-ETH - Switzerland

Research Output

  • 28 Citations
  • 4 Publications
  • 1 Policies
  • 1 Methods & Materials
  • 8 Disseminations
  • 2 Fundings
Publications
  • 2024
    Title Environmental microbiome diversity and stability is a barrier to antimicrobial resistance gene accumulation.
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-024-06338-8
    Type Journal Article
    Author Gionchetta G
    Journal Communications biology
    Pages 706
  • 2023
    Title Microbiome diversity: A barrier to the environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance?
    DOI 10.34726/5347
    Type Other
    Author Gionchetta G
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Microbiome diversity: A barrier to the environmental spread of antimicrobial resistance?
    DOI 10.1101/2023.03.30.534382
    Type Preprint
    Author Gionchetta G
  • 2020
    Title Resilience of agricultural soils to antibiotic resistance genes introduced by agricultural management practices
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143699
    Type Journal Article
    Author Radu E
    Journal Science of The Total Environment
    Pages 143699
    Link Publication
Policies
  • 2022
    Title Close Collaboration with Austrian Ministries of Health and Agriculture
    Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Methods & Materials
  • 2021
    Title Design of artificial exposure units (AEU) for sampling microbial biofilms in river waters
    Type Technology assay or reagent
    Public Access
Disseminations
  • 2022 Link
    Title Interview for national news: Der Standard (Je gesünder die Böden, desto weniger Antibiotika-Resistenzen)
    Type A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
    Link Link
  • 2022
    Title EFSA scientific network on emerging risks: Creating awareness for AMR in the environment
    Type A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
  • 2022
    Title AGES: 20th Anniversary: Feature film on AMR in the environment (Finalist: best 3 projects in Environmental Health over the last 20 years)
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
  • 2023 Link
    Title Interview for national news: APA (Gesunde Böden reduzieren Gefahr für Antibiotika-Resistenzen)
    Type A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Interview for national news: Die Presse (Freie Bahn für resistente Mikroben?)
    Type A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
    Link Link
  • 2023 Link
    Title Interview for national news: FWF/SciLog (Biodiversity as a barrier for antimicrobial resistance)
    Type A magazine, newsletter or online publication
    Link Link
  • 2022
    Title Kinderuniversität: Sommer 2022
    Type Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
  • 2023 Link
    Title Interview for national news: FWF/SciLog (Biodiverse Barrieren)
    Type A magazine, newsletter or online publication
    Link Link
Fundings
  • 2020
    Title "One Health" European Joint Programme: FED-AMR
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    Start of Funding 2020
    Funder European Commission H2020
  • 2024
    Title FFG-KIRAS
    Type Research grant (including intramural programme)
    Start of Funding 2024
    Funder Austrian Research Promotion Agency

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