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Reconstruction of as-built building models

Reconstruction of as-built building models

Georg Suter (ORCID: 0000-0002-8329-5304)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/I5171
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects International
  • Status ended
  • Start October 1, 2021
  • End March 31, 2025
  • Funding amount € 140,532

DACH: Österreich - Deutschland - Schweiz

Disciplines

Construction Engineering (30%); Computer Sciences (30%); Environmental Engineering, Applied Geosciences (40%)

Keywords

    Building model reconstruction, Point cloud processing, Computational geometry, Semantic enrichment

Abstract Final report

Models of the actual state of buildings can support the work of architects, building managers, and owners in many ways. For example, they can be useful to assess a buildings compliance with fire or earthquake safety regulations, or to make decisions about adapting a building to changing user needs. Original design documentation is often outdated or not available to assess the actual state. Therefore, it is common practice to reconstruct new drawings or models of the actual state from surveying data that are collected on site. Advances in laser and infrared scanning technologies make it feasible to survey buildings faster and with higher accuracy and detail than manual surveys. However, an issue with such building scans is their limited information content. For example, they do not include explicit information about shapes of windows and doors, accessibility between spaces, or usage of spaces. In order to be useful to assess actual conditions, information-rich building models need to be reconstructed from building scans. Currently, such models are reconstructed manually, but this is time-consuming and error prone. In this research project, our aim is to develop innovative modeling methods that support the reconstruction of information-rich models from building scans. We propose a model reconstruction pipeline that is divided into three steps. In the first step, building scans are processed to compute surfaces of building components, such as walls, windows, and doors. In the second step, spaces are detected and linked with building components. Volume models are computed for spaces and building components. In the third step, space usage data are inferred and added to the model. We develop algorithms for each of these steps. We test the model reconstruction pipeline by programming and testing software prototypes of these algorithms. We use the software prototypes to reconstruct information-rich building models from scans of existing residential buildings. We then evaluate the correctness and accuracy of reconstructed models for room area measurement as well as evacuation path analysis. Both applications are typical examples for the assessment of actual states of buildings.

Das Projekt ReconTOP hatte das Ziel, eine automatisierte Pipeline zur Bestimmung der Nutzungsart von Räumen ausgehend von Punktwolken zu erarbeiten. Der Hauptfokus dieser Pipeline liegt auf der Topologie, die aus Polygonen und Polyedern, die die Grenzen des Raums beschreiben, rekonstruiert werden soll. Es war geplant, vorhandene Algorithmen zur Verarbeitung von Punktwolken zu verwenden. Basierend auf der topologischen Rekonstruktion sollten bestimmte Parameter als Grundlage für Algorithmen zur Berechnung der Nutzungsart von Räumen identifiziert und verwendet werden. Die Analyse vorhandener Algorithmen zur Berechnung von Polygonen und Polyedern aus Punktwolken hat gezeigt, dass diese nicht die erforderliche Qualität zur Bestimmung der Topologie erreichen können. Dies gilt insbesondere für Ecken. Verlängerungen von Wänden können nicht zur Identifikation der Wandebenen in angrenzenden Räumen genutzt werden. Die Abweichungen erlauben dies nicht. Der grundlegende Ansatz der Rekonstruktion der Topologie basierend auf einer räumlichen Zerlegung funktioniert. Er kann bei entsprechender Genauigkeit sowohl auf Bauteile als auch auf Räume angewendet werden. Topologische Eigenschaften können als Input für Raumnutzungsbestimmungen dienen. Die durchgeführten Arbeiten zeigen darüber hinaus, dass eine automatisierte Pipeline erstellt werden kann. Die Arbeiten beschränken sich jedoch auf den zweidimensionalen Raum. Grundrisse wurden aus Punktwolken berechnet. Im Projekt wurden zwei Pipelines erarbeitet. Eine Pipeline ist in der Lage, die Nutzungsart von Räumen auf Basis vorhandener Algorithmen zu bestimmen. Diese Pipeline erfordert teilweise menschliche Interaktionen. Werte müssen für bestimmte Parameter vorgegeben werden, ohne dass ihr Einfluss bestimmter Parameter auf die Ergebnisse vorhergesagt werden kann. Dies führt dazu, dass Berechnungen mit unterschiedlichen Parametern durchzuführen sind, bis die Ergebnisse akzeptabel sind.Die andere Pipeline verwendet modellierte Raumpolygone als Eingabe. Die Genauigkeit dieser Daten ermöglicht eine automatisierte Bestimmung aller topologischen Eigenschaften. Topologische Parameter werden sowohl für einzelne Räume als auch für Stockwerke bestimmt. Sie sind zusammen mit geometrischen Parametern Eingangswerte für Algorithmen zur Bestimmung der Nutzungsart. Diese Pipeline erfordert keine zusätzlichen Benutzereingaben und arbeitet automatisiert.

Research institution(s)
  • Technische Universität Wien - 100%
International project participants
  • Timo Hartmann, Technische Universität Berlin - Germany
  • Wolfgang Huhnt, Technische Universität Berlin - Germany

Research Output

  • 9 Publications
  • 3 Datasets & models
Publications
  • 2025
    Title Multi-unit space function and space access element classification in apartment buildings using machine learning and graph deep learning
    DOI 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113472
    Type Journal Article
    Author Suter G
    Journal Journal of Building Engineering
  • 2025
    Title Benchmarking Methods for Classifying Space Functions and Access Elements in Multi-Unit Apartment Buildings
    Type Journal Article
    Author Suter G
    Journal Automation in Construction
    Pages 106237
    Link Publication
  • 2025
    Title Multiview Space Function Classification in Apartment Buildings Using Image Deep-Learning Semantic Segmentation
    DOI 10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6294
    Type Journal Article
    Author Suter G
    Journal Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering
  • 2024
    Title SFC-A68: A dataset for benchmarking space function and space access element classification methods in entire floors of multi-unit apartment buildings
    Type Other
    Author Suter G
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title SFS-A68: a Dataset for the Segmentation of Space Functions in Apartment Buildings
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Suter G
    Conference 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering
    Pages 319-329
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Feature-Based Decomposition ofArchitectural Spaces: Outline ofaProcedure andResearch Challenges; In: Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering - Proceedings of ICCCBE 2022 - Volume 2
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-32515-1_31
    Type Book Chapter
    Publisher Springer Nature Switzerland
  • 2023
    Title Extracting topological features from room polygons based on a 2- dimensional space partitioning approach
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Gabler F
    Conference 30th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE 2023)
  • 2023
    Title SAGC-A68: a space access graph dataset for the classification of spaces and space elements in apartment buildings
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2307.04515
    Type Preprint
    Author Suter G
    Link Publication

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