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Size Effects of Micromaterials and Laser System Development

Size Effects of Micromaterials and Laser System Development

Brigitte Weiss (ORCID: )
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P14732
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start July 1, 2001
  • End September 30, 2005
  • Funding amount € 226,644

Disciplines

Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Information Engineering (30%); Mechanical Engineering (20%); Physics, Astronomy (25%); Materials Engineering (25%)

Keywords

    MICROMATERIALS, LASER SPECKLE SENSOR, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING, SIZE EFFECT, FOILS AND WIRES

Abstract Final report

Miniaturisierte Systeme, wie integrierte Schaltkreise, spezielle Sensoren und Mikromaschinen sind wesentliche Komponenten in Automobil- und Telekommunikationsindustrie. Sie machen sich Strukturmaterialien (in Form von dünnen Filmen, Folien, Membranen, Drähten und Lötverbindungen) zunutze, deren relevante mechanische Eigenschaften im Mikrometerbereich dimensionsabhängig werden. Es fehlt sowohl am quantitativen Verständnis dieser Größeneffekte, als auch an konsistenten Daten, was die Wahl des jeweils geeignetsten Materials behindert. Daher setzt sich das Projekt zum Ziel, grundlegende Methoden im Dickenbereich 1 bis 200 Mikrometer zur Bestimmung ausgewählter mechanischen Eigenschaften wie elastischer und plastischer Daten von Standardmaterialien zu entwickeln, darunter Einkristalle, Vielkristalle mit unterschiedlichem Verhältnis von Korngröße und Dicke. Eingehend soll das Ermüdungsverhalten, zyklische Plastizität, Lebensdauer und Rißausbreitung sowie das Bruchverhalten dünner Strukturen untersucht werden (z.B. Folien und Bondingdrähte). Dann sollte in Kombination mit Ergebnissen jüngst speziaisierter Methoden zur Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur (mesoskopische Versetzungsstruktur mittels Channelling-Kontrast Technik im Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM), lokale Kornorientierungen aus Elektronen-Rückstreu-Patterning im REM) es ermöglichen, Modelle für die zyklische Verformung zu erstellen und mechanische Mikrorißkriterien einzuführen, um die Verläßlichkeit von Mikrosystemen vorherzusagen und zu erhöhen. Darüberhinaus sollten die Ergebnisse als Basis von Standardisierungstechniken für mechanische Daten von Mikromaterialien herangezogen werden können. Eine Lösung dieser Aufgaben wird nur durch die Verwendung und Optimierung von berührunglosen Laserdehnungssensoren auf Grundlage der Laserspeckle-Technik ermöglicht, wobei besondere Bedeutung der Entwicklung eines auf hohe Lokalisierung spezialisierten Dehnungssensors beizumessen ist, der neue Information über die lokale Verformungcharakteristik zugänglich macht und neue Anwendungsgebiete erschließt. Ein Erreichen der Projektziele ist ausschließlich interdisziplinär durch intensive Kooperation von Wissenschaftlern aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen, ausgehend von Materialwissenschaften (Institut für Materialphysik der Universität Wien) bis hin zu optischer Meßechnik und digitaler Datenverarbeitung (Institut für Elektrische Meßtechnik und Signalverarbeitung der Technischen Universität Graz) in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der einschlägigen Industrie möglich.

The increasing miniaturization of microelectronic components (like integrated circuits, special sensors and micromachines, essential components of automotive and telecommunication industries) requires the development of new micro- and nanostructured materials and material-combinations. These components should be optimized in terms of their functionality and reliability to guaranty every day life performance of e.g. airbags, navigation systems and cell phones. During service life these systems are subjected to severe mechanical shock loading, vibrations and temperature fluctuations. Therefore the materials have to withstand high stresses which may result in reduced lifetime. To predict the lifetime of microsystems, an accurate knowledge of the mechanical and thermal properties is necessary. Owing to the fact, that these properties of small scaled structures (films, foils, wires and fibres) cannot be deduced from bulk materials (size effect), their behavior must be determined in actual dimensions. In the frame of this project the size effect was investigated from scientific aspects as well as from a technical point of view and thus a modern field of research in material science was opened up. For the geometries and materials under investigation the size effect could be quantified introducing new characteristic material parameters. This supports the design and further miniaturization of microsystems by delivering essential data of elastic, plastic and thermal behavior as well as the fatigue response of materials to react to the increasing demands of reliability. To fulfill the requirements of measurement problems on small structures, new optical non-contacting strain sensors, based on laser measurement techniques, had to be developed. Strain measurements in the region of thousandth of millimeters are now possible. Because of these new possibilities, these sensors are being used at present also by other laboratories. This project could contribute to the acceptance of size effects in other scientific areas and technical disciplines (medical devices, joining technology). This could pave the way for further miniaturization with an outlook to realize even smaller structures (nanotechnology) in the future. The project aims were successfully achieved by a cooperative effort of scientist of different disciplines ranging from material science to optical measuring techniques and digital data processing in close cooperation with the relevant electronic industry.

Research institution(s)
  • Technische Universität Graz - 30%
  • Universität Wien - 70%
Project participants
  • Bernhard Zagar, Universität Linz , associated research partner
  • Viktor Gröger, Universität Wien , associated research partner
International project participants
  • H. G. Brokmeier, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht - Germany

Research Output

  • 261 Citations
  • 7 Publications
Publications
  • 2005
    Title A study of the mechanical and fatigue properties of metallic microwires
    DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00898.x
    Type Journal Article
    Author Khatibi G
    Journal Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
    Pages 723-733
  • 2004
    Title A New Set of Signal Processing Algorithms in Laser Speckle Metrology
    DOI 10.1109/imtc.2004.1351313
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Schneider S
    Pages 1338-1343
  • 2003
    Title Application of a Locally Operating Laser-Speckle Strain Sensor
    DOI 10.1109/tim.2003.814818
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schneider S
    Journal IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
    Pages 1025
  • 2003
    Title Non-contacting strain measurements of ceramic and carbon single fibres by using the laser-speckle method
    DOI 10.1016/s1359-835x(03)00240-9
    Type Journal Article
    Author Reder C
    Journal Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
    Pages 1029-1033
  • 2002
    Title Characterization of mechanical and thermal properties of thin Cu foils and wires
    DOI 10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00877-9
    Type Journal Article
    Author Weiss B
    Journal Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
    Pages 172-182
  • 2007
    Title Signal Processing for Laser-Speckle Strain-Measurement Techniques
    DOI 10.1109/tim.2007.908251
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schneider S
    Journal IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
    Pages 2681-2687
  • 2010
    Title Size dependency of mechanical properties of high purity aluminium foils
    DOI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.08.016
    Type Journal Article
    Author Lederer M
    Journal Materials Science and Engineering: A
    Pages 590-599

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