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Speciation, phylogeny and molecular barcoding of Peronospora

Speciation, phylogeny and molecular barcoding of Peronospora

Hermann Voglmayr (ORCID: 0000-0001-7666-993X)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P22739
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start October 1, 2010
  • End November 30, 2014
  • Funding amount € 337,722

Disciplines

Biology (90%); Computer Sciences (10%)

Keywords

    Peronospora, Downy mildews, Mycology, Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Molecular barcoding

Abstract Final report

Peronospora ist die artenreichste Gattung der obligat parasitischen Falschen Mehltaupilze (Peronosporales, Oomycetes). Sie enthält Pathogene von zahlreichen Kultur- und Nutzpflanzen. Zahlreiche Wirte aus 48 Wirtsfamilien der Angiospermen sind betroffen, und die Artenzahl wird je nach Standpunkt zwischen 65 und ca. 400 angegeben, was zu einer beträchtlichen Verwirrung bei Artumschreibung, Taxonomie und Wirtsspektrum führt. Trotz der ökonomischen und ökologischen Bedeutung gibt es keine moderne systematische Monographie. Genauere Untersuchungen über die Stammesgeschichte, evolutive Radiation, Artbildung und -abgrenzung fehlen. Bisher gibt es bei Peronospora (wie für die gesamten Oomyzeten auch) kein verläßliches molekulares Identifikationssystem ("molekulares Barcoding"), das den hohen Qualitätskriterien des Barcodings genügt, trotz der Vorteile, die dieses für verläßliche Routinebestimmungen bietet. Deshalb verfolgt das Projekt folgende Ziele: a. Eine umfassende Multigen-Phylogenie von Peronospora soll anhand von ausgewählten, mitochondrialen und nukleären Markern erstellt werden, um detaillierte Einsichten zur phylogenetischen Verwandtschaft und Radiation innerhalb der Gattung zu gewinnen. b. Artbildung und Wirt-Parasit Radiation sollen bei ausgewählten Verwandtschaftskreise genauer anhand mehrerer informativer mitochondrialer und nukleärer Marker untersucht werden. Ausgewählte Peronospora-Gruppen sollen als Modelle für die Mikroevolution dienen und sollen bezüglich Arten und Areal umfassend besammelt werden sollen. Die Kophylogenie zwischen Pathogenen und Wirten soll mit den kombinierten Sequenzdaten untersucht werden. c. Artkonzept und -abgrenzung werden in den für die Mikroevolution ausgewählten Gruppen anhand der Multi- Gen Daten untersucht werden. Das Konzept der Genealogical Concordance of the Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) soll anhand der mitochondrialen und nukleären Marker angewendet werden. d. Taxonomische Revisionen zur Klärung nomenklatorischer Unsicherheiten sollen durchgeführt werden und sollen zu einer stabile Nomenklatur als Grundlage für sichere Bestimmung führen. Morphologische Untersuchungen von Herbarbelegen werden dazu durchgeführt werden. e. Neue Peronospora-Arten sollen nach gründlichen morphologischen und molekularen Untersuchungen formal beschrieben werden. f. Die im Projekt untersuchten variablen Marker (inklusive der Standard-Genregion für molekulares Barcoding, cox1) sollen auf ihre Eignung für die molekulare Artbestimmung untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse sind die Entscheidungsgrundlage für die Auswahl einer offiziellen Barcoding-Region für Falsche Mehltaupilze. Die Sequenzdaten werden in BOLD (Barcode of Life Data Systems) hinterlegt werden. Um die Untersuchungen zu ermöglichen, wird die umfangreiche Sammlung des Antragstellers durch frische Aufsammlungen aus verschiedenen Gebieten vervollständigt werden.

Peronospora is the most important genus of the plant pathogenic downy mildews (Peronosporales, Oomycetes) concerning species biodiversity and the number of angiosperm hosts affected. It contains parasites of important crop, forage and horticultural plants. However, despite their economic and ecological importance, many aspects on their evolution, phylogeny, host ranges, speciation and reliable species identification had not been studied in detail and were unknown.As an important result of the project, a reliable molecular identification system ("molecular barcoding") for the economically and ecologically important genus Peronospora is now becoming available based on three markers (ITS, cox1, cox2). It was shown that cox1 and cox2 have similar performance on identification and are preferable over ITS. Species which are not easily identifiable by morphology can be reliably identified by sequence data. High-quality sequence data for more than 700 well-identified and vouchered accessions from ca. 200 species have been deposited at the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), which will serve as reference standard for reliable identification to a wide range of users including phytopathologists, agri-, horticulturalists and quarantine officers.To gain insights into the detailed molecular phylogenetic relationships of Peronospora and to investigate the evolutionary patterns like host-parasite radiation and speciation, multi-gene phylogenies based on six genes were done for the first time including about 200 Peronospora species. The investigations revealed frequent host jumps to more or less unrelated hosts, and co-phylogeny between hosts and parasites could not be demonstrated. It was concluded that these frequent host jumps in combination with rapidly evolving high host specificity is a main driving factor in the evolution of Peronospora, resulting in the high species biodiversity observed.The current investigations revealed a high host specificity in most species, being mostly confined to a single or a few closely related host species, and also that the occurrence of more than one Peronospora species on the same host is not uncommon. It also became evident that many species as commonly circumscribed consist of several often not closely related species and need critical revision and reclassification, which was or will be done in the near future. Reclassification included also transfer of several Peronospora species to the genus Hyaloperonospora. Morphology was revealed to be unsuitable for reliable identification in many Peronospora species (cryptic species), and biodiversity is much higher than commonly perceived. Several new species were detected and described, and species concepts were clarified, which also has important impact on applied sciences like plant pathology and quarantine measures. An important example studied in detail includes the Peronospora species on poppies (Papaver); for the economically important opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) a new species was described as a devastating problem pathogen of high relevance to the poppy industries.

Research institution(s)
  • Universität für Bodenkultur Wien - 100%
International project participants
  • Frank Martin, USDA-ARS-SAA - USA

Research Output

  • 906 Citations
  • 10 Publications
Publications
  • 2015
    Title Peronospora odessana sp. nov., a downy mildew pathogen of a Tertiary relict species, Gymnospermium odessanum
    DOI 10.1007/s11557-015-1059-6
    Type Journal Article
    Author Voglmayr H
    Journal Mycological Progress
    Pages 36
  • 2014
    Title Disentangling Peronospora on Papaver: Phylogenetics, Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Host Range of Downy Mildew of Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum) and Related Species
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0096838
    Type Journal Article
    Author Voglmayr H
    Journal PLoS ONE
    Link Publication
  • 2011
    Title DNA barcoding of oomycetes with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer
    DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03041.x
    Type Journal Article
    Author Robideau G
    Journal Molecular Ecology Resources
    Pages 1002-1011
    Link Publication
  • 2014
    Title Peronospora en Papaver: filogenia, taxonoma, nueva nomenclatura y gama de huéspedes.
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Landa Bb Et Al
    Conference XVII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Fitopatología, 7-10 octubre 2014, Lleida: 11 (Lecture Abstract)
  • 2015
    Title Towards a universal barcode of oomycetes – a comparison of the cox1 and cox2 loci
    DOI 10.1111/1755-0998.12398
    Type Journal Article
    Author Choi Y
    Journal Molecular Ecology Resources
    Pages 1275-1288
    Link Publication
  • 2015
    Title Multi-locus tree and species tree approaches toward resolving a complex clade of downy mildews (Straminipila, Oomycota), including pathogens of beet and spinach
    DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.003
    Type Journal Article
    Author Choi Y
    Journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
    Pages 24-34
    Link Publication
  • 2013
    Title Multigene phylogeny, taxonomy and reclassification of Hyaloperonospora on Cardamine
    DOI 10.1007/s11557-013-0900-z
    Type Journal Article
    Author Voglmayr H
    Journal Mycological Progress
    Pages 131-144
    Link Publication
  • 2014
    Title Coupling Spore Traps and Quantitative PCR Assays for Detection of the Downy Mildew Pathogens of Spinach (Peronospora effusa) and Beet (P. schachtii).
    DOI 10.1094/phyto-02-14-0054-r
    Type Journal Article
    Author Klosterman S
    Journal Phytopathology
    Pages 1349-59
    Link Publication
  • 2013
    Title Characterization of a Plasmopara sp. detected on Smyrnium olusatrum in Italy.
    Type Journal Article
    Author Buonaurio R Et Al
    Journal Micologia Italiana
  • 2012
    Title Progresos y retos en la sistemtica del mildiu de la adormidera: implicaciones para el desarrollo de variedades resistentes.
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Landa Bb Et Al
    Conference XVI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Fitopatología, 17-21 septiembre 2012, Málaga: 167 (Lecture Abstract)

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