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Vienna Goes VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS Squared)

Vienna Goes VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS Squared)

Johannes Böhm (ORCID: 0000-0002-1208-5473)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/P31625
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects
  • Status ended
  • Start January 1, 2019
  • End December 31, 2022
  • Funding amount € 313,026
  • Project website

Disciplines

Environmental Engineering, Applied Geosciences (100%)

Keywords

    Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Reference frames, Earth orientation

Abstract Final report

Die geodätische Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) verwendet global verteilte Radioteleskope für die Beobachtung von Quasaren in Entfernungen von Milliarden von Lichtjahren. Die primäre Beobachtungsgröße in der Geodäsie ist der Unterschied in den Ankunftszeiten der Signale an den Stationen, welche die Bestimmung der Vektoren zwischen den Teleskopen, der Positionen der Quasare sowie der Erdorientierungsparameter ermöglicht. Man bestimmt diese Größen, indem man die ankommende Strahlung aufzeichnet, mit Zeitmarken von Atomuhren versieht, und über Internetverbindungen an spezielle Hochleistungsrechner (Korrelatoren) sendet, wo die Daten korreliert werden. Mit diesen Möglichkeiten spielt die VLBI eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Bestimmung des terrestrischen und himmelsfesten Referenzrahmens sowie der Erdorientierungsparameter. So ist die VLBI das einzige Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Universal Time (UT1), welche von fundamentaler Bedeutung für die Positionierung und Navigation mit Globalen Satellitennavigationsverfahren (GNSS) ist. Die VLBI spielt auch eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bestimmung des Maßstabs des terrestrischen Referenzrahmens, welcher durch Positionen und Geschwindigkeiten von global verteilten Stationen realisiert ist. Die Stabilität des Maßstabs mit einer Genauigkeit von 0.1 mm/Jahr ist Voraussetzung für die Beobachtung von kleinen geodynamischen Phänomenen wie des Meeresspiegelanstiegs mit 3 mm/Jahr. In der geodätischen VLBI arbeitet man derzeit an einer Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens, genannt VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS), das auf neuen schnelleren Radioteleskopen und einer größeren aufgezeichneten Bandbreite basiert und damit die Bestimmung von geodätischen und astrometrischen Parametern mit noch nie dagewesener Genauigkeit ermöglicht. Für uns an der TU Wien gibt es folgende Aufgaben, wo wir nicht nur beitragen, sondern die VLBI und im Speziellen VGOS entscheidend voranbringen können. Es gibt großes Potential bei der Verbesserung der Schedules. Diese Beobachtungspläne legen fest, wann welche Radioteleskope welche Quasare beobachten sollen. Im Speziellen wollen wir vorausschauende "tree-based" Schedules mit der Graphentheorie untersuchen, sowie innovative Funktionen zur Beschreibung der Himmelsabdeckung an den Stationen anwenden. Außerdem stellt die Korrelation einen Engpass dar, im Besonderen mit den dramatisch gestiegenen Anforderungen im Bereich der Bandbreite, der Prozessorkerne sowie des Speicherplatzes bei VGOS. Wir werden für die Weiterentwicklung der Korrelation spezielle Speicher und Kerne am Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC) verwenden, einem Zusammenschluss von österreichischen Universitäten zur Bereitstellung von Supercomputer Ressourcen. Ziel dabei ist die weitgehende Automatisierung von der Korrelation bis zur Bestimmung der geodätischen Parameter. Außerdem sollenunsere Aktivitäten als Vorbildfür andereUniversitätenund Forschungseinrichtungen dienen.

Project VGOS Squared dealt with the improvement of geodetic measurements of the Earth with quasars. Emissions from quasars, which are extragalactic radio sources billions of light years away, are observed with radio telescopes on the Earth surface to precisely determine the orientation of the Earth in space as well as the positions of the telescopes on Earth and the directions to the quasars on the sky. These results are indispensable for any kind of positioning and navigation on Earth and in space and for studies of the Earth system, for example, the observation of sea level rise. The technique is called Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and it has been used for more than forty years in geodesy. In the last decade, the transition has been made from the legacy system to the so-called VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) with smaller and thus faster radio telescopes observing more sources in shorter time intervals necessitating broader observation bandwidths between 2 and 14 GHz. In order to exploit the full potential of VGOS for improved accuracy in the geodetic measurements, research is necessary in various aspects. In project VGOS Squared, we focused on improved scheduling as well as on the derivation of the new VLBI observables, which are determined by cross-correlating the received signals at two or more radio telescopes. VLBI scheduling refers to the generation of observation plans, specifying which radio telescopes observe which quasars at which time in order to derive the best possible geodetic parameters. We developed new scheduling strategies and optimization criteria and implemented all these ideas in a new scheduling software package, which is now widely used for the scheduling of VGOS and legacy VLBI sessions as well as research and development sessions. Another complication with VGOS is the different coverage of frequencies and linear polarizations received at the antennas, having an impact on the determination of the VLBI observables in the so-called correlation process. We set up the correlation routines on the Vienna Scientific Cluster 4 and successfully processed a series of VGOS sessions. We used this implementation to advance the algorithms and strategies, which are still under development. Moreover, a VLBI raw data simulator was developed playing an important role in the development of new concepts and realizations of VLBI applications. With this unique tool, new setups can be tested in simulation without actually carrying out the expensive observations. In summary, project VGOS Squared, in international cooperation, has contributed significantly to the further development of the VLBI Global Observing System.

Research institution(s)
  • Technische Universität Wien - 100%
International project participants
  • Jamie Mccallum, University of Tasmania - Australia
  • Axel Nothnagel, Universität Bonn - Germany
  • Pedro Elosegui, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - USA

Research Output

  • 120 Citations
  • 32 Publications
Publications
  • 2021
    Title Optimal VLBI baseline geometry for UT1-UTC Intensive observations
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000491531
    Type Other
    Author Kern
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Unconstrained Estimation of VLBI Global Observing System Station Coordinates
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000471989
    Type Other
    Author Böhm
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title The Australian mixed-mode observing program
    DOI 10.1007/s00190-022-01657-2
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mccallum L
    Journal Journal of Geodesy
    Pages 67
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title The Australian mixed-mode observing program
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000574823
    Type Other
    Author Chin Chuan
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Probing a southern hemisphere VLBI Intensive baseline configuration for UT1 determination
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000561163
    Type Other
    Author Böhm
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title The Vienna VLBI raw data simulator and correlator in the VGOS era
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Gruber, Jakob Franz
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title On the importance of accurate pole and station coordinates for VLBI Intensive baselines
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000641499
    Type Other
    Author Kern
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Precession-induced Variability in AGN Jets and OJ 287
    DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/accbbc
    Type Journal Article
    Author Britzen S
    Journal The Astrophysical Journal
  • 2023
    Title Precession-induced Variability in AGN Jets and OJ 287
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2307.05838
    Type Other
    Author Britzen S
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title On the importance of accurate pole and station coordinates for VLBI Intensive baselines
    DOI 10.1007/s00190-023-01792-4
    Type Journal Article
    Author Kern L
    Journal Journal of Geodesy
  • 2020
    Title Optimal antenna locations of the VLBI Global Observing System for the estimation of Earth orientation parameters
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000459543
    Type Other
    Author Böhm
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Optimizing schedules for the VLBI global observing system
    DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000459544
    Type Other
    Author Böhm
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Optimal antenna locations of the VLBI Global Observing System for the estimation of Earth orientation parameters
    DOI 10.1186/s40623-020-01214-1
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schartner M
    Journal Earth, Planets and Space
    Pages 87
    Link Publication
  • 2018
    Title Recent Activities of the GGOS Standing Committee on Performance Simulations and Architectural Trade-Offs (PLATO)
    DOI 10.1007/1345_2018_30
    Type Book Chapter
    Author Männel B
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Pages 161-164
  • 2021
    Title Unconstrained Estimation of VLBI Global Observing System Station Coordinates
    DOI 10.5194/adgeo-55-23-2021
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mikschi M
    Journal Advances in Geosciences
    Pages 23-31
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Geodetic data analysis of VGOS experiments
    DOI 10.23919/ursigass51995.2021.9560322
    Type Conference Proceeding Abstract
    Author Alef W
    Pages 1-2
  • 2021
    Title Baseline-dependent clock offsets in VLBI data analysis
    DOI 10.1007/s00190-021-01579-5
    Type Journal Article
    Author Krásná H
    Journal Journal of Geodesy
    Pages 126
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title A Precessing Jet Scenario for the Multi-Wavelength Long-Term Modulation of LS I +61$^\circ$303
    DOI 10.48550/arxiv.2107.09610
    Type Preprint
    Author Jaron F
  • 2021
    Title A Precessing Jet Scenario for the Multi-Wavelength Long-Term Modulation of LS I +61°303
    DOI 10.3390/universe7070245
    Type Journal Article
    Author Jaron F
    Journal Universe
    Pages 245
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Optimizing geodetic VLBI schedules with VieSched++
    Type Other
    Author Schartner M
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title Probing a southern hemisphere VLBI Intensive baseline configuration for UT1 determination
    DOI 10.1186/s40623-022-01671-w
    Type Journal Article
    Author Böhm S
    Journal Earth, Planets and Space
    Pages 118
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Detection of a Peculiar Drift in the Nuclear Radio Jet of the TeV Blazar Markarian 501
    DOI 10.3390/universe9030115
    Type Journal Article
    Author Britzen S
    Journal Universe
  • 2020
    Title Optimizing schedules for the VLBI global observing system
    DOI 10.1007/s00190-019-01340-z
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schartner M
    Journal Journal of Geodesy
    Pages 12
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Estimation of VGOS Station Coordinates
    DOI 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8710
    Type Journal Article
    Author Mikschi M
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Station Infrastructure Developments of the IVS
    DOI 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12847
    Type Journal Article
    Author Behrend D
    Link Publication
  • 2020
    Title Optimal VGOS telescope location for the estimation of Earth orientation parameters
    DOI 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13484
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schartner M
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title The Vienna VLBI raw data simulator and correlator in the VGOS era
    Type Other
    Author Gruber Jf
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title VieRDS: A Software to Simulate Raw Telescope Data for very Long Baseline Interferometry
    DOI 10.1088/1538-3873/abeca4
    Type Journal Article
    Author Gruber J
    Journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
    Pages 044503
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Optimal VLBI baseline geometry for UT1-UTC Intensive observations
    DOI 10.1007/s00190-021-01530-8
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schartner M
    Journal Journal of Geodesy
    Pages 75
    Link Publication
  • 2021
    Title Considerations of VLBI transmitters on Galileo satellites
    DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2021.04.048
    Type Journal Article
    Author Jaradat A
    Journal Advances in Space Research
    Pages 1281-1300
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title VieSched++: A New VLBI Scheduling Software for Geodesy and Astrometry
    DOI 10.1088/1538-3873/ab1820
    Type Journal Article
    Author Schartner M
    Journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
    Pages 084501
    Link Publication
  • 2019
    Title Optimizing geodetic VLBI schedules with VieSched++
    Type PhD Thesis
    Author Schartner, Matthias
    Link Publication

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