How cellular complement shapes immunity via dendritic cells

In this innovative research project, new aspects of the complement system, a central part of the innate immune system, are being investigated. Beyond the classical, systemic complement system, which primarily targets pathogens, the cellular complement system has increasingly become a focus of scientific interest. This system exhibits significant functions that go beyond mere immune defense, playing a role in the regulation of cellular processes. Recent studies show that the so-called complosome also plays a key role in immune cell communication and in regulating various intracellular signaling pathways. Remarkably, it is not only immune cells that can produce these complement factors; other cell types in the human body can do so as well. This capability crucially influences cell activation, maturation, and inflammatory responses. The research project aims to examine in detail the influence of the cellular complement system on the survival and metabolism of dendritic cells during HIV infection. Dendritic cells are among the most important antigen-presenting cells and play a central role in T- cell activation, which is essential for antiviral immunity. As part of the project, we will also explore how the cellular complement system impacts the induction, proliferation, and function of T-cells through dendritic cells. To study these complex processes, state-of-the-art technologies such as RT-PCR, CRISPR/Cas9, ELISpot, RNA sequencing, and proteomics analyses will be used. The results of this study are expected to provide new insights into the role of the complement system in dendritic cells and their defense against viral infections like HIV. Given that the immune response to HIV varies considerably across different stages of infection, this knowledge could contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches or vaccination strategies.