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Beyond East and West: Sacred Landscapes

Beyond East and West: Sacred Landscapes

Mihailo Popovic (ORCID: 0000-0002-3128-2210)
  • Grant DOI 10.55776/I4330
  • Funding program Principal Investigator Projects International
  • Status ended
  • Start March 1, 2020
  • End August 31, 2023
  • Funding amount € 343,072
  • Project website

DACH: Österreich - Deutschland - Schweiz

Disciplines

Geosciences (25%); History, Archaeology (25%); Arts (25%); Linguistics and Literature (25%)

Keywords

    Historical Geography, Art History, Geography, Byzantine Studies, Cultural Heritage, GIScience

Abstract Final report

Im aktuellen Diskurs über die Integration des Westbalkans in die EU scheinen die laufenden und geplanten Verhandlungen mit den Republiken Montenegro, Serbien und Albanien für die zeitgenössische Medienberichterstattung von bemerkenswertem Interesse zu sein. Sie umfassen eine Region, die in der Vergangenheit unter dem Namen Illyricum (Illyrikon) eine entscheidende Rolle in den strategischen und administrativen Überlegungen des Byzantinischen Reiches gespielt hat. Dieses Projekt baut auf einer Zusammenarbeit zwischen den wissenschaftlichen Fächern der Byzantinistik, Mittelalterlichen Geschichte, Historischen Geographie, Kunstgeschichte, Geographie und Geokommunikation (GIScience und Kartografie) auf und konzentriert sich auf die zwei historischen Regionen von Duklja und Raška, die Teil des Illyricum waren. Die Forschungshypothese geht davon aus, dass beide historischen Regionen eine Heilige Landschaft (Sacred Landscape) bildeten, die wir mit den vereinten Mitteln der Historischen Geographie, Kunstgeschichte und Geokommunikation sowohl der Wissenschaft als auch der interessierten Öffentlichkeit entschlüsseln und kommunizieren wollen. Daher befasst sich das Projekt systematisch mit den folgenden drei Hauptfragen: (1) Auf welche Art und Weise haben die lokalen Herrscher und die Kirchen von Rom und Konstantinopel vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert in den historischen Regionen von Duklja und Raška interagiert, und wie spiegelt sich diese Interaktion im Verteilungsmuster von Denkmälern (das heißt von Kirchen und Klöstern) in dieser Heiligen Landschaft wider? (2) Hatte die wechselnde Religionszugehörigkeit der örtlichen Herrscher Auswirkungen auf die Heilige Landschaft und wo wurden lateinische bzw. byzantinische Kultstätten im Laufe der Zeit verändert oder überlagert? (3) Kann der religiöse und kulturelle Einfluss des lateinischen und byzantinischen (orthodoxen) Glaubens durch lateinische (westliche) sowie byzantinische und slawische (östliche) Gegenstände der Kleinkunst nachverfolgt werden, nicht nur in dem Küstengebiet, sondern auch im Hinterland und in Italien? Beide historischen Regionen könnten sich als Zone Jenseits von Ost und West erweisen, die bemerkenswerten Transformationsprozessen vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert ausgesetzt waren, und könnten das große Potenzial sowohl für Visualisierungen als auch für die Formalisierung durch GIScience Daten anbieten. Die Integration und Darstellung der Forschungsdaten (aus den schriftlichen Quellen, zu Denkmälern und Kunstgegenständen) des Projekts wird durch eine bereits vorhandene Datenbank und durch eine Online-Kartenapplikation ermöglicht. Das Projekt ist ausschließlich durch einen multidisziplinären Ansatz und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen drei Projektpartnern aus Österreich (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Universität Wien) und Deutschland (Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig) zu verwirklichen.

The scholarly project focussed on two historical landscapes (Duklja and Raška) in the Middle Ages. Both are now located mainly on the territory of Montenegro and Serbia respectively. They are characterised by a high density of ecclesiastical and monastic monuments, which have their origins in Early Christian times. The immigration of the Slavs in the 6th and 7th centuries destroyed or overlaid the existing ecclesiastical structures. After this, both the Pope in Rome and the Patriarch in Constantinople began to carry out missionary work in this area. The aim of our project was to reconstruct both historical landscapes in terms of their religious character in the past. To this end, we located churches and monasteries in the area of research, described them from an art-historical perspective, contextualised them on the basis of written medieval sources and embedded them into a project database. This work was of great importance because we were then able to systematically search and compare our data sets and visualise them on distribution maps. This enabled us to recognise how and where Christianity spread in the region, when and where churches and later monasteries were built from the 6th to the 14th century, and who founded and supported them. It should be noted that Duklja was mainly orientated towards the Adriatic, while Raška was located in the hinterland (i.e. behind the Dinaric mountains). We discussed the question of the interrelationship between the two landscapes by reconstructing the medieval road network on the basis of descriptions in medieval charters, remnants of old roads, Early Modern maps, a relief model of Montenegro (1916/17) and our own surveys. We then traced how certain Saints' cults were distributed in the region, whether there were focal points in the veneration of certain Saints in the coastal region and in the hinterland and whether certain Saints spread along the roads in both landscapes. A major turning point in church history was the year 1054, when the Great Schism occurred, in which the (Catholic) Western and (Orthodox) Eastern churches went their separate ways. This had consequences for our area of research, because both denominations started to build separate monasteries and churches. In this project, we investigated how both landscapes were changed from a religious point of view as a result of this new situation and which church buildings and ecclesiastical artefacts were nevertheless influenced by artistic influences from both the East and the West after 1054. We have researched and discussed all these aspects in an interdisciplinary manner, which has led to a new and differentiated view of the historical landscapes of Duklja and Raška in the Middle Ages. Our publications and data are freely accessible online via: https://maps-of-power.oeaw.ac.at/

Research institution(s)
  • Universität Wien - 43%
  • Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften - 57%
Project participants
  • Karel Kriz, Universität Wien , associated research partner
International project participants
  • Johannes Tripps, Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig - Germany

Research Output

  • 7 Publications
  • 25 Disseminations
Publications
  • 2024
    Title On the Subject of Imperial Dignity: A Contribution to the Study of the Crown of King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski in the Monastery of Cetinje
    DOI 10.18485/ms_zmslu.2024.52.2
    Type Journal Article
    Author Tripps J
    Journal Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности
  • 2021
    Title Beyond East and West – Geocommunicating Historical Sacred Landscapes
    DOI 10.5194/ica-proc-4-14-2021
    Type Journal Article
    Author Breier M
    Journal Proceedings of the ICA
    Pages 14
    Link Publication
  • 2022
    Title On the Crossroads between East and West: Geocommunicating Medieval Sacred Landscapes in Today's Montenegro - First Project Results
    Type Journal Article
    Author Andrej Bracanović
    Journal MEMO_quer
    Pages 1-32
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Jenseits von Ost und West
    Type Journal Article
    Author Haase K
    Journal Forschungsmagazin der HTWK Leipzig Einblicke 2023
    Pages 12-17
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title Jenseits von Ost und West: Auf den Spuren der "Heiligen Landschaften" in den Balkanregionen
    Type Journal Article
    Author Haase K
    Journal Antike Welt, Zeitschrift für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte
    Pages 73-76
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title A Combined Approach to the Reconstruction of the "Sacred Landscape" of Duklja and Raška in the Times of Stefan Nemanja based on Historical Geography, Art and Church History
    Type Journal Article
    Author Dorota Vargová
    Journal Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta
    Pages 373-402
    Link Publication
  • 2023
    Title The Iconography of the Parapet Slab from the Church of St.Thomas in Kuti: New Reflections and Possible Interpretations
    Type Journal Article
    Author Vranešević B
    Journal Zbornik Matice srpske za likovne umetnosti
    Pages 11-26
    Link Publication
Disseminations
  • 2023
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Српске племкиње и монаштво у средњем веку: поређење Јелене Анжујске и Маре Бранковић у њиховим односима према бенедиктинцима/фрањевцима и светогорским монасима" (The Society of the Friends of Holy Mount Athos, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023/10/26)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Beyond East and West: Sacred Landscapes in the Territory of Today's Montenegro, 11th-14th Centuries" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2022, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2023
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Johannes Tripps with the title "The Metamorphosing Crown of Saint Stefan Dečanski" (University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023/09/07)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2023 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "A Mother and Two Sons: the Serbian Rulers Helen, Dragutin, and Milutin and Their Entangled Realms in Medieval Serbia" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2023/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "On the Use and Usefulness of Digital Humanities in the Historical Geography of Byzantium" (Seminar Series: The Balkans Between Empires, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ibn Haldun University Istanbul, Thessalonica, 2022/04/01)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Markus Breier with the title "Modern Cartographic Representations of Medieval Borders and Border Zones" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2022, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Branka Vranešević with the title "Towards Imperial Dignity: A Contribution to the Study of the Imperial Crown of King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski in the Cetinje Monastery" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2022, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Presentation of the Project by Dorota Vargová at the "Lange Nacht der Forschung" on 20 May 2022 in Vienna
    Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
    Link Link
  • 2022
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Пројекат Tabula Imperii Byzantini: о будућности (?) проучавања историјске географије Византије" (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts - SANU, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022/02/22)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Lukas Neugebauer with the title "Experiencing Historical Landscapes Using Visual Storytelling" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2022, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2021 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Markus Breier, Karel Kriz, Lukas Neugebauer and Alexander Pucher with the title "Beyond East and West - Geocommunicating Historical Sacred Landscapes" (30th International Cartographic Conference 2021, Florence, Italy, 2021/12/18) )
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2021 Link
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Markus Breier with the title "Beyond East and West - Geocommunicating Historical Sacred Landscapes" (International Medieval Congress 2021, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2021/07/07)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Paper of Moisés Hernández Cordero with the title "Mapping Cultural Heritage beyond the Eye: The Case of the Crown of the Serbian King Stefan Dečanski" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2022, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Markus Breier with the title "The Sacred Landscape of Medieval Montenegro: Map-Based Communication" (5. Geographie-Werkstatt des Österreichischem Geographieverbands, Vienna, Austria, 2022/09/20)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2023 Link
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Dorota Vargová with the title "Stefan Uroš I and Helen of Anjou: The Royal Couple's Influence on the Confessional Structure of the Principality of Zeta in the Late 13th and Early 14th Century" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2023/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2023 Link
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Branka Vranešević with the title "Initials with Teratological Motifs in the Belgrade Prophetologion: Witnesses of Entanglement between East and West" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2023/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2023 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Serbian Noblewomen and the Clergy in the Middle Ages: A Comparison between Mara Branković and Jelena Anžujska regarding Athonite Monks and Franciscan Friars" (Workshop "A Special Relationship? Gender on Medieval Mount Athos", Oxford, UK, 2023/09/29)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Historical Geography, Digital Humanities and Database Systems: an Approach to reconstruct "Sacred Landscapes" - the Case of Medieval Duklja and Raška (today's Montenegro and Serbia)" (Global Eurasia, Workshop II: Handlungsspielräume, Netzwerke und transregionale Kontexte, Vienna, Austria, 2022/05/12)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2023 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Johannes Tripps with the title "Objects of Private Devotion as Witnesses to Entanglement between Venice and the Árpád and Nemanjić Dynasties" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2023/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Markus Breier with the title "Beyond East and West - A Framework for Researching and Communicating Historical Landscapes" (EuroCarto 2022, Vienna, Austria, 2022/09/19)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2022 Link
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Doing Historical Geography in A Digital Age: The Case of The Tabula Imperii Byzantini Balkans and Its Public Outreach" (2022 Byzantine Studies Conference, Los Angeles, USA, 2022/11/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2023
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "On the Usefulness of OpenAtlas in Historical Geography" (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts - SANU, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023/09/19)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2022
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo St. Popović with the title "Die historische Geographie von Byzanz neu gedacht - Über den Wert der digitalen Kartographie und Geokommunikation in der Vermittlung historischer Inhalte am Beispiel des Projektes "Jenseits von Ost und West"" (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kartographie e.V., Sektion Halle - Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, 2022/11/10)
    Type A talk or presentation
  • 2022 Link
    Title Scholarly Presentation of Dorota Vargová with the title "An Ecclesiastical History of Medieval Duklja: A Landscape Defined by Rite" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2022, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link
  • 2023 Link
    Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Bernhard Koschiček-Krombholz with the title "OpenAtlas: Handling Entangled Data in a Linked Data World" (International Medieval Congress Leeds 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2023/07/06)
    Type A talk or presentation
    Link Link

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