Interpreting the Rich Chemistry of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Interpreting the Rich Chemistry of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Disciplines
Physics, Astronomy (100%)
Keywords
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Astrophysics,
Exoplanets,
Planetary Atmospheres,
Radiative Transfer,
Chemistry,
Bayesian statistics
A main goal of exoplanet science is to widen our understanding of planetary physics. To date, spectroscopic observations of transiting exoplanets are the leading techniques for the characterization of atmospheric temperatures and compositions. Generally, researchers have modeled the chemistry of hot exoplanets assuming thermochemical equilibrium; however, to interpret the physics of warm and temperate exoplanets it is necessary to quantify the effects of disequilibrium chemistry. This is not possible without the detection of multiple species in their atmospheres. Recent observation with the GIANO-B infrared high-resolution spectrograph have leadfor the first timeto the simultaneous detection of the main CNO-bearing species in exoplanet atmospheres (H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, NH3, HCN, and C2H2), allowing us to probe which chemical processes dominate the physical properties of exoplanets with unprecedented detail. We aim to answer the following fundamental questions of planetary atmospheric physics: (1) What is the atmospheric composition of exoplanets? (2) When and to which extent different chemical processes alter an observed composition? (3) What is the elemental compositional budget of these atmospheres (e.g., C/H, N/H, C/O ratios)? (4) Infer how did these planets form and evolve given their present (observed) compositions? We will tailor our Bayesian atmospheric retrieval framework for high-resolution cross-correlation observations. We will develop atmospheric models under equilibrium and disequilibrium chemistry (quenching) for use as forward models and retrievals. First, we will use these models to explore the impact of disequilibrium chemistry on exoplanets and their spectra. Then, we will apply these tools to the unrivaled characterizing power of GIANO-B observations. The INAF-Torino collaboration will guarantee access to a sample of 1630 exoplanets. The systematic study of this sample will produce statistically robust composition constraints and allow us to test which chemical processes are consistent with the observations. We will bring together state-of-the-art research methods for (1) high-resolution analyses, (2) a Bayesian statistics framework, and (3) chemistry models under equilibrium and disequilibrium prescriptions. No such ensemble of tools exists today in the field. We will provide immediate community access by releasing the developed software as open-source code. Finally, we will apply these techniques to GIANO-B observations; therefore, combining the best available observational resources with cutting-edge data- and theoretical-modeling resources in the field. In this way, we will improve our understanding of disequilibrium chemistry.
Ziel dieses Projekts ist es, die chemische Zusammensetzung von Gasriesen außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems besser zu verstehen - insbesondere die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dynamischen und chemischen Prozessen in ihren Atmosphären. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurden neue Modellierungswerkzeuge entwickelt und auf reale Beobachtungsdaten angewendet, um herauszufinden, welche physikalischen und chemischen Prozesse dabei eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Entwicklung einer Pipeline, mit der kombinierte Daten von Weltraum- und bodengestützten Teleskopen interpretiert werden können. Wir analysierten bodengebundene Beobachtungen, die mit dem Spektrographen GIANO-B für drei Planeten gemacht wurden: WASP-80b, WASP-69b und HAT-P-11b. Unsere Studien zeigten das Vorkommen mehrerer chemischer Spezies in deren Atmosphären (wie Wasser, Kohlenmonoxid, Ammoniak oder Methan). Dies weist entweder auf chemische Prozesse hin, die die Atmosphärenzusammensetzung aus dem Gleichgewicht bringen, oder auf eine Elementverteilung, die sich stark von den Erwartungen aus dem Sonnensystem unterscheidet - oder auf beides. Diese Beobachtungen führten auch zu neuen Folgebeobachtungen von WASP-69b mit dem James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), deren Daten in Zukunft ausgewertet werden sollen. Als Teil unserer Bemühungen, den Einfluss chemischer Prozesse auf Exoplanetenatmosphären besser zu verstehen, entwickelten wir Gen TSO - ein neues Simulationswerkzeug zur Planung von JWST-Beobachtungen. Gen TSO ermöglicht es Wissenschaftler\*innen, die statistische Aussagekraft von JWST für den Nachweis atmosphärischer Moleküle abzuschätzen und so die Fähigkeit von JWST zu testen, zwischen unterschiedlichen chemischen und planetaren Entstehungstheorien zu unterscheiden. Das Tool ist quelloffen verfügbar und stellt damit eine praktische Ressource für die Forschungsgemeinschaft dar. Die in diesem Projekt entwickelten Modelle setzen neue Maßstäbe für die Interpretation von Exoplanetenbeobachtungen und bilden die Grundlage für eine genauere Charakterisierung von Atmosphären im JWST-Zeitalter und darüber hinaus.
Research Output
- 67 Citations
- 42 Publications
- 4 Datasets & models
- 1 Software
- 1 Fundings
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2024
Title CHEOPS observations of KELT-20 b/MASCARA-2 b: An aligned orbit and signs of variability from a reflective day side DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202347533 Type Journal Article Author Scandariato G Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title The GAPS Programme at TNG LV. Multiple molecular species in the atmosphere of HAT-P-11 b and review of the HAT-P-11 planetary system DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202347659 Type Journal Article Author Basilicata M Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Precise characterisation of HD 15337 with CHEOPS: A laboratory for planet formation and evolution DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202347759 Type Journal Article Author Demangeon O Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title CHEOPS in-flight performance A comprehensive look at the first 3.5 yr of operations DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348576 Type Journal Article Author Fortier A Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Characterisation of the warm-Jupiter TOI-1130 system with CHEOPS and a photo-dynamical approach DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450974 Type Journal Article Author Borsato L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title The CHEOPS view of the climate of WASP-3 b DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202451049 Type Journal Article Author Carone L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Hints of a close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202451068 Type Journal Article Author Harre J Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Detection of faculae in the transit and transmission spectrum of WASP-69b DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202451740 Type Journal Article Author Chakraborty H Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title The tidal deformation and atmosphere of WASP-12 b from its phase curve DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348502 Type Journal Article Author Akinsanmi B Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Characterising TOI-732 b and c: New insights into the M-dwarf radius and density valley DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348180 Type Journal Article Author Bonfanti A Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Asymmetry in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348270 Type Journal Article Author Cubillos P Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title The K2-24 planetary system revisited by CHEOPS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450852 Type Journal Article Author Borsato L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Discovery of two warm mini-Neptunes with contrasting densities orbiting the young K3V star TOI-815 DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348678 Type Journal Article Author Osborn H Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Detailed cool star flare morphology with CHEOPS and TESS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348951 Type Journal Article Author Bruno G Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title HIP 41378 observed by CHEOPS: Where is planet d? DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202449689 Type Journal Article Author Borsato L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Photo-dynamical characterisation of the TOI-178 resonant chain Exploring the robustness of transit-timing variations and radial velocity mass characterisations DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450212 Type Journal Article Author Delisle J Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450472 Type Journal Article Author Egger J Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title TOI-837 b: Characterisation, formation, and evolutionary history of an infant warm Saturn-mass planet DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202450679 Type Journal Article Author Damasso M Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Characterisation of the TOI-421 planetary system using CHEOPS, TESS, and archival radial velocity data DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348584 Type Journal Article Author Krenn A Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title HR 10 as seen by CHEOPS and TESS Revealing Scuti pulsations, granulation-like signal and hint for transients DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202346180 Type Journal Article Author Salmon S Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2025
Title Transit-timing variations in the AU Mic system observed with CHEOPS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202452699 Type Journal Article Author Boldog Á Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title The EBLM Project- XI. Mass, radius, and effective temperature measurements for 23M-dwarf companions to solar-type stars observed with CHEOPS DOI 10.1093/mnras/stad3866 Type Journal Article Author Maxted P Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society -
2024
Title Architecture of TOI-561 planetary system DOI 10.1093/mnras/stae2440 Type Journal Article Author Piotto G Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society -
2024
Title The CHEOPS view of the climate of WASP-3 b DOI 10.3929/ethz-b-000711907 Type Other Author Carone Link Publication -
2024
Title Gen TSO: A General JWST Simulator for Exoplanet Times-series Observations DOI 10.1088/1538-3873/ad8fd4 Type Journal Article Author Cubillos P Journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific -
2025
Title Horizontal and vertical exoplanet thermal structure from a JWST spectroscopic eclipse map. DOI 10.1038/s41550-025-02666-9 Type Journal Article Author Challener Rc Journal Nature astronomy Pages 1821-1832 -
2025
Title Kinetic and Photochemical Disequilibrium in the Potentially Carbon-rich Atmosphere of the Warm Jupiter WASP-69 b DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/adaa7d Type Journal Article Author Bangera N Journal The Astrophysical Journal -
2025
Title CHEOPS observations confirm nodal precession in the WASP-33 system DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202452151 Type Journal Article Author Csizmadia S Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2025
Title A joint effort to discover and characterize two resonant mini-Neptunes around TOI-1803 with TESS, HARPS-N, and CHEOPS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202451180 Type Journal Article Author Malavolta L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2024
Title Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b. DOI 10.1038/s41550-024-02230-x Type Journal Article Author Bell Tj Journal Nature astronomy Pages 879-898 -
2023
Title CUTE Reveals Escaping Metals in the Upper Atmosphere of the Ultrahot Jupiter WASP-189b DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/acef1c Type Journal Article Author France K Journal The Astrophysical Journal Letters -
2023
Title Refined parameters of the HD 22946 planetary system and the true orbital period of planet d DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202345943 Type Journal Article Author Garai Z Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2023
Title A new dynamical modeling of the WASP-47 system with CHEOPS observations DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202245486 Type Journal Article Author Borsato L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2023
Title The Hubble/ STIS near-ultraviolet transmission spectrum of HD 189733 b DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202245064 Type Journal Article Author Cubillos P Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2023
Title No random transits in CHEOPS observations of HD 139139 DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202347779 Type Journal Article Author Alonso R Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2023
Title Refining the properties of the TOI-178 system with CHEOPS and TESS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202245479 Type Journal Article Author Delrez L Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2023
Title TOI-5678b: A 48-day transiting Neptune-mass planet characterized with CHEOPS and HARPS DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202245478 Type Journal Article Author Osborn H Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics -
2022
Title Impact of Mg ii interstellar medium absorption on near-ultraviolet exoplanet transit measurements DOI 10.1093/mnras/stac3690 Type Journal Article Author Sreejith A Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Pages 2101-2118 Link Publication -
2023
Title The Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE) signal to noise calculator DOI 10.1007/s10509-023-04187-1 Type Journal Article Author Fossati L Journal Astrophysics and Space Science -
2023
Title A super-massive Neptune-sized planet. DOI 10.1038/s41586-023-06499-2 Type Journal Article Author Mancini L Journal Nature Pages 255-260 -
2022
Title The GAPS Programme at TNG DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202243854 Type Journal Article Author Guilluy G Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics Link Publication -
2022
Title The GAPS Programme at TNG XXXIX. Multiple Molecular Species in the Atmosphere of the Warm Giant Planet WASP-80 b Unveiled at High Resolution with GIANO-B * * Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated by t DOI 10.3847/1538-3881/ac80bf Type Journal Article Author Carleo I Journal The Astronomical Journal Pages 101 Link Publication
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2025
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Title Cross sections for exoplanet atmospheres (part 1) DOI 10.5281/zenodo.16965390 Type Database/Collection of data Public Access Link Link -
2025
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Title Cross sections for exoplanet atmospheres (part 2) DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17060936 Type Database/Collection of data Public Access Link Link -
2024
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Title WASP-3 b CHEOPS light curves DOI 10.26093/cds/vizier.36920129 Type Database/Collection of data Public Access Link Link -
2024
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Title Gen TSO DOI 10.1088/1538-3873/ad8fd4 Type Computer model/algorithm Public Access Link Link
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2024
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Title Gen TSO DOI 10.1088/1538-3873/ad8fd4 Link Link
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2024
Title Funding for JWST observing program 3712 Type Research grant (including intramural programme) Start of Funding 2024 Funder Space Telescope Science Institute