Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282-1355)
Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282-1355)
Disciplines
Geosciences (15%); History, Archaeology (55%); Linguistics and Literature (30%)
Keywords
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Byzantine Studies,
Historical Geography,
South-East European Studies,
Social History,
Byzantine Macedonia,
Settlment History
Der europäische Kontinent in seiner Gesamtheit und die Europäische Union im Besonderen befinden sich derzeit in einer Phase der zunehmenden Dynamik sowohl die interne Migration als auch die Immigration betreffend. Migration mit all ihren verschiedenen Aspekten war stets ein Teil der Geschichte des europäischen Kontinents. In mittelalterlichen Gesellschaften ist die Frage der Migration eng mit der Definition und der Darstellung mittelalterlicher Grenzen verbunden. Karten in historischen Atlanten sind derart gestaltet, dass sie klare Linien zwischen politischen Formationen und Reichen ziehen, was jedoch weder in der Antike, noch im Mittelalter, noch in der Frühen Neuzeit die Realität von Zivilisationen widerspiegelt. Die Dynamik der Grenzen prägt gleichzeitig die Dynamik von Siedlungsmustern sowie Verkehrsnetzen. Das betreffende Einzelprojekt beschäftigt sich mit den Grenzen des Byzantinischen (Oströmischen) Reiches im mittelalterlichen Südosteuropa, genauer im vor-osmanischen (d. h. Byzantinischen) Mazedonien. Weitreichende politische Veränderungen traten auf der südlichen Balkanhalbinsel vom Ende des 13. bis zur Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts ein, als sich das serbische mittelalterliche Königreich unter dem König Stefan Uroš II. Milutin auf Kosten des Byzantinischen Reiches nach Süden ausbreitete, was bis zum Tode des Zaren Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan (1355) anhielt. Dies wiederum wirkte sich auf die Grenzräume und grenzübergreifenden Gesellschaften zwischen beiden Reichen im vor-osmanischen (d. h. Byzantinischen) Mazedonien aus, vor allem in fünf ausgewählten Zielgebieten (im Flußtal der Strumica, Lesnovo, Skopje, Ohrid und Prilep). Obwohl grundlegende Veröffentlichungen sowohl über die Bevölkerung als auch über die Migration im Byzantinischen Mazedonien vorliegen, besteht ein dringender Bedarf für diese Art von Forschung, die auf schriftlichen Quellen und Ortsnamen bzw. Flurnamen basiert. Zwei miteinander verknüpfte Forschungsfragen werden in zwei unterschiedlichen Arbeitspaketen behandelt, die wie folgt lauten: Konkurrierende politische Konzepte Byzanz und die Mittelalterliche serbische Ökumene und Grenzübergreifende Gesellschaften und Elitenwechsel im Byzantinischen Mazedonien. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden die mittelalterlichen schriftlichen Quellen, d. h. serbische und byzantinische Urkunden als Hauptquellengruppe, sowie weitere ausgewählte schriftliche Quellen aus dem mittelalterlichen serbischen Königreich. Die Quellen werden unter dem Gesichtspunkt der vorgenannten Forschungsfragen analysiert, insbesondere auf den Methoden der Historischen Geographie basierend. Spezielles Augenmerk wird auf die Analyse der Formulierungen in Hinblick auf die serbische Expansion im Arbeitsgebiet, den Erwerb neuer Territorien und deren administrative Eingliederung auf der Makroebene sowie die Verortung der eroberten Siedlungen mit sich verändernden Siedlungsformen (Dorf, Weiler, Wüstung etc.) und den Elitenwechsel auf der Mikroebene gelegt. Darüber hinaus werden Methoden aus den Digitalen Geisteswissenschaften (Digitalen Humanities) in der kartographischen Darstellung und Visualisierung eingesetzt, um die erzielten Forschungsergebnisse der interessierten Öffentlichkeit zu vermitteln.
Migration in all of its various aspects has always been a part of the history of the European continent. In medieval societies the question of migration is closely connected with the definition as well as the representation of medieval borders. Our project has dealt with the historical landscape of Macedonia on the Southern Balkan Peninsula in the 13th and 14th centuries. It was heavily contested in the Middle Ages between the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and the Serbian Kingdom. This resulted in demarcations, both in the respective political concepts and locally between settlements and actors (i.e. nobles, landowners and officials). Based on medieval written sources, we were able to explore the political concepts and spatial perceptions of the Serbian rulers. In the years 1282 to 1330 there is initially no tendency for the Serbian Kingdom to develop a political counter-concept to Byzantium. This is why we speak of a "self-contained space". However, this changed between 1331 and 1355, when the Serbian ruler Stefan Uroš IV Dušan questioned the universality of the Byzantine Empire. Thus, the framework of the "self-contained space" is abandoned, and we discern a concept of a Serbian "ecumene" (as opposed to the Byzantine "ecumene"). This area of our research concerns the macro level, i.e. the "upper level". The micro level, i.e. "lower level", deals with the dynamics of borders, which at the same time shape the dynamics of settlement patterns as well as transport networks. By analysing historical atlases of the 20th and 21st centuries, we explored the scholarly interpretations of border in medieval Macedonia. Then we located settlements, fortresses, roads, fords, field names etc. from the written medieval sources of the time, and entered them into our OpenAtlas project database. We did the same with the boundaries from the historical atlases by georeferencing. In particular, we focused on five selected target areas (the Strumica river valley and the regions of Lesnovo, Skopje, Ohrid and Prilep). We have paid special attention to the dating of the Serbian conquest of regions in the study area and to their administrative incorporation. This expansion is reflected in changing settlement forms (village, hamlet, deserted settlement etc.) in the written sources and in the local change of elites. We have written biographies of the local actors and have been able to show how they switched sides. A central element of our research are the digital humanities (our database, GIS, digital cartography etc.). This allows us to search and compare our data and answer the project's questions and acquire new research results. Finally, we have made a front-end of our project freely available on the internet, so that the public can access and view our data and results.
Research Output
- 21 Citations
- 10 Publications
- 28 Disseminations
- 2 Scientific Awards
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2021
Title Le changement des élites en Macédoine face à l'expansion serbe. Le cas de Skopje et ses environs au XIVe siècle Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Popovic M Conference Byzance et ses voisins, XIIIe-XVe siècle. Art, identité, pouvoir Pages 25-38 Link Publication -
2021
Title Die Begegnung des heiligen Königs Ladislaus mit dem heiligen Sava. Rätselhaftes aus der russischen und moldauischen Chronistik des 15./16. Jahrhundert; In: Byzanz und das Abendland VII.: Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia DOI 10.37584/bua_7.339.353 Type Book Chapter Publisher ELTE Eötvös József Collegium -
2019
Title Local Elites in the Region of Polog in the Light of the Bogorodica Htetovska Charters; In: Power in Landscape - Geographic and Digital Approaches on Historical Research Type Book Chapter Author Zervan V Publisher Eudora Verlag Leipzig Pages 275-356 Link Publication -
2019
Title Illustrating Workflows in Digital Humanities: Byzantine Macedonia in the 13th/14th Centuries and Its "Transformation" from Analogue to Digital; In: Power in Landscape - Geographic and Digital Approaches on Historical Research Type Book Chapter Author Popovic M Publisher Eudora Verlag Leipzig Pages 65-87 Link Publication -
2019
Title Die Beziehungen und Kontakte der Häuser Luxemburg und Valois zur serbischen Herrscherfamilie der Nemanjiden vor dem Hintergrund der päpstlichen Unionsversuche (13./14. Jh.) Type Conference Proceeding Abstract Author Popovic M Conference Byzanz und das Abendland VI. Studia Byzantino-Occidentalia Pages 179-199 Link Publication -
2022
Title The "Fatherland" of the Serbian Kings Milutin and Dečanski or Some Additional Thoughts on the "Medieval Serbian Oecumene" Type Journal Article Author Popovic M Journal Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana Pages 36-57 Link Publication -
2018
Title Full Characterization of Generalized Bent Functions as (Semi)-Bent Spaces, Their Dual, and the Gray Image DOI 10.1109/tit.2018.2837883 Type Journal Article Author Hodžic S Journal IEEE Transactions on Information Theory Pages 5432-5440 Link Publication -
2020
Title Prosopographische Bemerkungen zu einer Grenzregion in Zeiten der Krise: Herausragende Akteure und Opfer nach den Eroberungszügen des serbischen Königs Stefan Uroš II. Milutin im byzantinischen Makedonien Type Journal Article Author Zervan V Journal Byzantinoslovaca Pages 141-151 Link Publication -
2020
Title On the relationship between titles and spaces: A case study on Macedonia under King and Emperor Stefan Dušan (1331–1355) DOI 10.2298/zrvi2057061p Type Journal Article Author Popovic M Journal Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta Pages 61-102 Link Publication -
2018
Title Signs and Maps of Power in Medieval Europe: A Case Study on Byzantine Macedonia (13th/14th Centuries) Type Journal Article Author Popovic M Journal MEMO - Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture Online Pages 105-121 Link Publication
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2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Тумачење садржаја средњовековних повеља из угла историјске географије и дигиталне хуманистике" (Workshop "Дигиталне едиције средњовековних докумената: пројекат Српског дигиталног дипломатара", Beograd, Serbia, 2018/11/28) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2022
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "The Governors of the Border Towns during the Serbian Expansion into Byzantine Macedonia, 1282-1355: Survey and Analysis of Elite Change" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "Microregional Change of Means on the Byzantino-Serbian Border during the 14th Century: New Insight into the Register of Property of the Church of Saint Stephen in the Village of Konče" (Seventh National Conference of Byzantine Studies, Beograd, Serbia, 2021/06/24) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Two Precious Charters from the 14th Century and Their Digital Footprint" (Workshop "Archéologie, histoire et analyse spatiale. Dialogue interdisciplinaire sur la question des SIG archéologiques et historiques", Lille, France, 2018/05/31) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2022
Title Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "PLP Addenda: Die byzantinische Elite nach den Eroberungszügen der serbischen Herrscher in Makedonien" (Byzanz und das Abendland VIII, Eötvös-József-Collegium, Budapest, Hungary, 2022/05/24) Type A talk or presentation -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation (Keynote) of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Espace et peuplement en Macédoine byzantine de l'Antiquité tardive à la fin du royaume serbe: l'apport de la Tabula Imperii Byzantini" (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris, France, 2021/05/28) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "The Material Culture of Everyday Life in the Northern Macedonia at the Turn of the 13th and 14th Centuries: The Case of the Border Warlords" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2019/07/03) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
Title Scholarly Presentation (Keynote) of Mihailo Popovic with the title "The Myth of Big Data in Byzantium versus One of the Ways of Combining Byzantine / Medieval Studies, Historical Geography and Digital Humanities" (Četvrta medievistička znanstvena radionica u Rijeci, Rijeka, Croatia, 2019/05/31) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Bernhard Koschicek-Krombholz with the title "Digital Memory-Keeping of Border. Warlords in Byzantine Macedonia in the OpenAtlas Database" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2018/07/03) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2022
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Bernhard Koschicek-Krombholz with the title "Medieval Borders in the Digital Age: Approaching the (Re)Creation of Medieval Border Zones through Digital Methods (OpenAtlas and GIS)" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2022/07/06) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zu einer Grenzregion in Zeiten der Krise: Herausragende Akteure und Opfer nach den Eroberungszügen des serbischen Königs Stefan Uroš II. Milutin im byzantinischen Makedonien" (Arbeitstreffen "Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition: Migration and Elite Change in pre-Ottoman Macedonia", Vienna, Austria, 2019/10/17) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Two Documents from the Hilandar Research Library and Their Digital Footprint" (7th International Hilandar Conference "Preserving and Accessing Medieval Slavic Manuscripts", The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 2018/06/15) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Bernhard Koschicek-Krombholz with the title "Die digitale, geoanalystische Aufarbeitung von Grenzen, Orten und Verkehrswegen im Nordmazedonien des 14. Jahrhunderts: erste Ansätze" (Arbeitstreffen "Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition: Migration and Elite Change in pre-Ottoman Macedonia", Vienna, Austria, 2019/10/17) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "Border Warlords as Founders and Donators: Memory-Keeping in Monasteries and Churches of Byzantine Macedonia" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2018/07/03) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "The Appropriation of Byzantine Macedonia by the King and Emperor Stefan Uroš IV Dušan: Means and Outcome" (St. Petersburg International Historical Forum, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2019/10/30) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic and Bernhard Koschicek-Krombholz with the title "Roads of Conquest, Roads of Destruction: Settlement Desertion as Mirrored in the Byzantino-Serbian Antagonism in Byzantine Macedonia (13th/14th Centuries)" (International Digital Conference "Mapping Settlement Desertion in Southeastern Europe from Antiquity to the Modern Era", Athens, Greece, 2021/04/23) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "The (Im)Material Imperial in a Contested Area: The Attribute 'Tsar' in the Toponymy of Byzantine Macedonia" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2019/07/03) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Paper of Vratislav Zervan with the title "Migration within, into, and from the Border Zones: A Case Study on Byzantine Macedonia in Medieval Times, 13th-14th Centuries" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2021/07/07) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2022
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "The Serbian Conquest of Byzantine Macedonia (1282-1355) and Its Sociolinguistic Consequences: The Greek Borrowings in Serbian and the Slavic Loanwords in Greek" (24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Venica and Padua, Italy, 2022/08/24) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Über das Verhältnis von Herrschertiteln und Räumen: eine Fallstudie zu Makedonien unter dem König und Zaren Stefan Dušan" (Arbeitstreffen "Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition: Migration and Elite Change in pre-Ottoman Macedonia", Vienna, Austria, 2019/10/17) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "The Perception of Space in the Serbian Medieval Realm under the Kings Stefan Milutin and Stefan Dečanski, 1282-1330" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2021/07/07) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Memories are Made of This: Tracing Local Elites in Byzantine Macedonia" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2018/07/03) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Current State and Outlook of the Research of the TIB Balkans: TIB Volumes, Digital Humanities and Geocommunication" (Seventh National Conference of Byzantine Studies, Beograd, Serbia, 2021/06/24) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Big Data in Byzantium? Thoughts on the Analysis of Byzantine Regions from the Viewpoint of Historical Geography and Digital Humanities" (Central European University - CEU, Budapest, Hungary, 2018/10/10) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Bernhard Koschicek-Krombholz with the title "The View of Borders: An Approach to (Re)Creating Medieval Border Zones in Byzantine Macedonia with Spatial Analysis 1282-1355" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2021/07/07) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2018
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Vratislav Zervan with the title "Kritische Bemerkungen zu den Briefen Karls des IV. an Stefan Dušan und an Ioannes V. Paleologos" (Byzanz und das Abendland VI, Eötvös-József-Collegium, Budapest, Hungary, 2018/04/17) Type A talk or presentation Link Link -
2021
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Title Online Scholarly Presentation of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Separating the Wheat from the Chaff: On the Use and Usefulness of Digital Humanities in History and Beyond" (Searching Digital: Methods, Tools, and Standards of Research in Digital Humanities, Online workshops organised by the Centre for the Study of the Balkans, Department of History, Goldsmiths University of London, CHASE Doctoral Training Partnership, Session 3, London, UK, 2021/06/21) Type Participation in an activity, workshop or similar Link Link -
2019
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Title Scholarly Presentation of Bernhard Koschicek-Krombholz with the title "Tracing Material Culture in Northern Macedonia via Spatial Visualisation (GIS)" (International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, 2019/07/03) Type A talk or presentation Link Link
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2021
Title Online Scholarly Presentation (Keynote) of Mihailo Popovic with the title "Espace et peuplement en Macédoine byzantine de l'Antiquité tardive à la fin du royaume serbe: l'apport de la Tabula Imperii Byzantini" (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris, France, 2021/05/28) Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference Level of Recognition Continental/International -
2019
Title Scholarly Presentation (Keynote) of Mihailo Popovic with the title "The Myth of Big Data in Byzantium versus One of the Ways of Combining Byzantine / Medieval Studies, Historical Geography and Digital Humanities" (Četvrta medievistička znanstvena radionica u Rijeci, Rijeka, Croatia, 2019/05/31) Type Personally asked as a key note speaker to a conference Level of Recognition Continental/International