Imperial Heritage and National Identity

The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1918 and the foundation of the Republic of Austria represent profound turning points not only for the countrys political history but also for its cultural institutions. Questions how to deal with the imperial heritage of a multinational Empire in a small and shrunken nation state led to highly controversial discussions in contemporary media of the newly founded Republic of Austria. After the collapse of the Habsburg Empire the Imperial book collections were secured. The Imperial Court Library was transformed into a National Library and the Familien-Fideikommissbibliothek of Habsburg-Lorraine was incorporated into the National Library. This process resulted in a redefinition of the mission of the library and caused a debate and search for identity of the newly founded National Library of the Republic of Austria a long lasting process which was started but by no means ended in the First Republic. It continued after 1945, when after the re-establishment of an independent Austrian state the National Library was renamed into Austrian National Library and the library contributed with research, publications and exhibitions showcasing its historical collections and treasures, to the nations historical identity building process. The proposed project has the overall research goal to analyse how the Imperial Court Library of the Habsburg Empire was transformed into a National Library of the Republic of Austria, when this process of making a National Library had started and why it did not end in the First Republic. The starting point therefore will be the status of the former Court Library and the Familien- Fideikommissbibliothek in the transition period 19181921 with an investigation of the new Republics defence of the cultural heritage against foreign claims and the reorganisation of the two collections. In a further step the institutional development and the public perception of the library in the 1920s and 1930s will be examined. In its last part the project investigates in a diachronic perspective the history of the Imperial Court Library and of the National Library in their function as national libraries of their respective territories. This leads to the underlying research hypothesis that already in the Habsburg Monarchy the foundations for a National Library were laid and more importantly, that this process, contributed to the formation of an Austrian national identity, which is based on regional identities and the multinational heritage of the Habsburg Empire as parts of the collective memory of the Republic of Austria. The responsible researchers Thomas Huber-Frischeis and Rainer Valenta have already demonstrated their expertise during previous projects on the history of the Familien-Fideikommissbibliothek.

P 32081 Imperial Heritage and National Identity From the Imperial Court Library to the National Library of the Republic of Austria. A cultural institution at the crossroads of history and politics in the interwar period 1918 - 1938 The collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy and the founding of the Republic of Austria caused profound changes not only in the political history of the country but also in its cultural institutions. The FWF-funded project "Imperial Heritage and National Identity" set itself the goal of examining in detail the process of transformation in two of these formerly imperial collections: the Imperial Court Library, from which the National Library of the Republic of Austria emerged, and the Habsburg-Lorraine Family Library (Fideikommissbibliothek), which was transferred into state property and incorporated into the National Library. This complex topic was examined along a series of research questions, based on an extraordinarily large amount of source material in various archives. At the beginning of the research work, the starting point was an investigation of the defense of the cultural assets contained in the collections by the young Republic against foreign claims (Italy and the successor states of the monarchy) after the end of the First World War. This was followed by an analysis of the restructuring of the Austrian cultural heritage collections in the 1920s. Subsequently, the transformation of the Court Library of the Habsburg Monarchy into the National Library of the Republic of Austria, its struggle for a new identity and its institutional history were examined against the political-ideological background of the time. The fact that the development of the Court Library into the most important public academic library partly took place already in the 19th century and could only be completed under new political conditions after the end of the monarchy was appreciated. Another aspect of this subject area was the incorporation of the Fideikommiss Library into the National Library. A final research focus was devoted to public opinion and the discussions on the tasks and missions of the Court and the National Library, the defense and sale of cultural assets, and the re-organisation of the collections in the media and in memoranda. To research the influence of public opinion, recourse was made to the extensive holdings of digitised sources (newspapers, periodicals) of the Austrian National Library, which are made available on the internet via the portal ANNO (AustriaN Newspapers Online).