Single-cell analysis of earthworm immune cells

The project aims to explore the complex immune response of earthworms by characterizing their immune cells. Earthworms rely solely on innate immunity, as they lack an adaptive immune system. Their immune cells are central to this defense mechanism and are crucial in responding to environmental stress, yet their cellular diversity and functions remain largely unexplored. The first objective of this study is to identify and classify immune cell types. Therefore, a novel technology will be used to study cells at the single-cell level, which will further our understanding how earthworms cope with environmental challenges like pathogens or pollutants. Recent discoveries have revealed that even the innate immune system can retain memory of past challenges. Thus, the second objective is to investigate the development and mechanisms of immune memory in earthworms, aiming to deepen our insight into how animals without adaptive immunity can enhance their responses to repeated immune challenges. Since we are facing drastic changes in the environment including an increase in soil temperature, a third objective will examine the effects of those changes on earthworm immune cells, their cell type composition and the development of immune memory. By applying novel methodologies, this research will advance our understanding of the evolution of the innate immune system. Furthermore, as earthworms are significant bioindicators, this study will contribute to the field of ecosystem health monitoring, which is becoming increasingly crucial in a rapidly changing world.