Examination of pathological changes in the carotid artery

Pathological remodeling of blood vessels, in which arteries become excessively twisted, coiled, or kinked, are associated with common diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. These changes are particularly critical when they affect the carotid arteries, which supply the brain with oxygen-rich blood. In this sensitive vascular region, such remodeling can significantly impair blood flow and markedly increase the risk of stroke. Stroke is an acute disturbance of cerebral blood circulation in which specific regions of the brain suddenly receive insufficient oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to severe, permanent neurological damage or even death. Despite their high medical and societal relevance, the factors that cause the onset and progression of these vascular changes are still not sufficiently understood. The aim of this research project is to systematically investigate the development and temporal progression of pathological vessel deformations in the carotid artery. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms is expected to support targeted improvements in diagnostic methods, enable earlier identification of high-risk patients, and sustainably reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. At the core of the project is the interaction between blood flow, vessel geometry, and the mechanical properties of the vessel wall. These factors influence each other dynamically. Individual vessel geometry can induce local alterations in blood flow, leading to increased mechanical stresses on the vessel wall. Such stresses may impair endothelial cell function and trigger pathological remodeling of the vessel. Comparable processes are known from the development of atherosclerosis and can, over time, result in plaque formation, vessel wall thickening, or thrombus development, further restricting blood flow and increasing stroke risk. To comprehensively investigate these complex interactions, the project follows an interdisciplinary approach. First, a digital database of patient-specific vascular geometries will be established using advanced medical imaging techniques. These data will be used to construct statistical shape models that allow the identification of typical variations and pathological patterns. In parallel, mechanical tests on vessel wall samples will be conducted to develop realistic material models. Building on these results, advanced computational simulations will be employed that model blood flow and vessel deformation first separately and subsequently in a coupled manner. The ultimate goal is to develop a dynamic model that captures not only the current state of vascular pathology but also its temporal evolution, thereby providing a foundation for improved prevention, personalized diagnostics, and future therapeutic strategies.